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1500 BCE
Olmecs
They were the earliest major civilization known to date in Mexico, their civilization represents some type of mystery.They recorded their religious practices and gods using symbols and their permanent record in rock carvings and paintings. Their success was initially based on exploiting their fertile and their well-watered coastal areas of the Gulf Of Mexico to grow crops such as corns and beans. Also their most striking legacy of their civilization must be the colossal stone head they produced. -
1000 BCE
Eastern Woodland People
It's a cultural area of the Indigenous people of North America which consisted of many Indian Tribes. The tribes lived in similar ways where they are divided into classes which included a chef, his children, the nobility and the commoners. They were deer-hunters and farmers in general where the men made all the equipment like bows, arrows and stone knives. While the women tended to the garden where beans, corn and tobacco formed. They build their houses from wigwam which was the most popular one -
1446
Francisco Pizarro
He was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that led to conquering the Inca Empire. He helped Vasco Núñez de Balboa discover the Pacific Ocean and founded its capital city, Lima after conquering Peru. As a soldier, he served on the 1513 expedition of Vasco Núñez de Balboa. He was known as "swine handler" as a boy which means he performed tricks with pigs. He became known as one of most famous and richest citizens of Panama City. He didn't have a good education so he grew up illiterate. -
1483
Martin Luther
He was a German professor of theology, composer, priest and monk who started the Protestant Reformation in the 16th Century and became one of the most influential and controversial figures in Christian history. He rejected several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church so he decided to make his own Bible which is called Luther Bible so people can understand it better. He created Protestantism and wrote the 95 Theses which is basically a protest against the selling of indulgences. -
1485
Hernan Cortez
He was a Spanish Conquistador and explorer who led an expedition that caused the Aztec Empire to fall. He began the first phase of the Spanish Colonization of the Americas and claimed Mexico for Spain. He joined an expedition which went to the West Indies led by Nicolas de Ovando which consisted of 2500 people and 30 ships in total. He proved to be an excellent soldier under the command of a Spanish soldier name Diego Velazquez. Also, he was selected to be a commander of an expedition to Cuba. -
1492
Columbian Exchange
It's the transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology and ideas between the Americas and the Old World. It explains why the Indians collapsed and how the European colonies thrived after Columbus' arrival in the New World in 1492. Also, it explains how European nations became the wealthiest & most powerful in the world and why Africans were sold into slavery on the far side of the ocean to toil in fields of tobacco, sugar, and cotton. It had a enormous impact on everybody. -
Period: 1492 to
Beginnings To Exploration
It's basically the trade routes in Europe -
Period: 1492 to
English Colonial Societies
It's where people settled in new areas to have a better life -
1497
Amerigo Vespucci
He was an Italian explorer, financier, navigator and cartographer. He was famous for being the first person to recognize North and South America as distinct continents that were previously unknown to Europeans, Asians and Africans so America was named after him. Also he was one of the many European explorers during the Age of Exploration and he helped to prepare Christopher Columbus' ships to sail to the New World. He discovered Cape St. Augustine and the Amazon river on his second expedition. -
Triangular Trade
It was a system of transatlantic trade in the 16th Century between Europe, Africa and the Americas. The first part of the leg is when European ships brought manufactured goods, weapons and even liquor to Africa in exchange for slaves. On the second part of the leg is when they transported African men, women and children to the Americans to serve as slaves. Then third part of the leg is when the slaves are taken on the "Middle Passage" across the Atlantic to sell in West Indies and North America. -
Caribbean Colonies
Most of the Caribbeans were full of Carib, Taino and Arawak Indians. The Spanish Empire claimed the entire Caribbean and most of Latin America, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica and Trinidad. An Taino Indian leader, named Enriquillo who led a successful rebellion against the Spanish Empire granting his people freedom.In the Caribbean Colony, they prospered in sugar, tobacco, and rice farming. The islands of the Caribbeans were discovered by an Italian explorer name Christopher Columbus. -
Slavery
It has been used through American colonies in 17th and 18th Centuries and it was made up of African Americans who helped build the new nation into an economic powerhouse through the production of lucrative crops such as tobacco and cotton. There has been many slave trades like Middle Passage and The Atlantic Slave Trade. Slavery was more prominently used in the Southern part then the Northern part because the South was based on agriculture while the North was based on manufacturing instead. -
Plymouth Colony
It's America's first permanent Puritan settlement and was first established by English Separatist Puritans in December 1620. This place was founded for religious freedom or a better life. It's known as "America's Hometown and it's where New England was first established. This colony was basically intended for family settlement and commerce The Mayflower Compact served as the basis for the government of the colony by electing a governor ensuring that there would be law and order in the colony. -
Proprietary Colonies
It's a province that is owned and ruled by a private individual or a group of people, who have been granted a royal charter from the king. Also, they were used to settle areas rapidly with British subjects at the proprietors' expense during the costly settlement years. The first Proprietary Colonies were made to repay debts and favors by King Charles II which were Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania before The American Revolution and it drew in many settlers and led to great progress in America -
The Glorious Revolution
It's when Catholic King James II was over thrown as leader by his Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband, William of Orange. It was the keystone of the Whig( which was those against Catholic succession) history of Britain. It established the supremacy of parliament over the crown and setting Britain on a path towards constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy and it was bloodless. It led to the loss of life in Ireland and Scotland and was also called "The Bloodless Revolution". -
Salem Witch Trials
It was a series of hearings and prosecutions of people being accused of witchcraft in Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693. The cause of this were eight young girls who accused their neighbors of witchcraft because they saw visions of them doing witchcraft. In the end about 200 people were accused of witchcraft and 20 people were executed in the process. Also the colony admitted that the Salem Witch Trials were a mistake and apologized to the families that were convicted in the process of this. -
Quakers
They were formed in the mid-17th century by an English shoemaker George Fox and it was also called The Society of Friends. They were called pacifist and refused to take legal oaths. They believed the idea that everyone had a light of Christ in them. They took up the cause of protecting Native American's rights and also were early abolitionist. It's rooted in Christianity so it's a form of Christianity that emphasized relationship between people and God. Also, had deep respect for other faiths. -
The Enlightenment
It was a philosophical movement that took place primarily in Europe and later in North America during the late 17th and early 18th Century. It was when a group of philosophers, scientist and thinkers advocated new ideas based on reason and it presented a challenge to traditional religious views. The important figures were Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, Baruch Spinoza, Immanuel Kant, John Locke, Sir Issac Newton, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Benjamin Franklin, Adam Smith and Thomas Jefferson. -
The Great Awakening
It was a religious revival that impacted the English Colonies in America during the 1730's and 1740's. Important figures in this movement was Johnathon Edwards, George Whitefield and James Davenport. The Awakening's biggest significance was the way it prepared America for its War of Independence and it made the people realized that religious power resided in their own hands, rather than in the hands of the Church of England, or any other religious authority. It was also called the Age of Reason. -
Seven Years War/French & Indian War
It was a North American conflict that involved Britain & France, but then became a global conflict that involved all of great European powers and the Philippines that lasted from 1756-1763. Also it was the last major conflict before the French Revolution and it involved France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Russia against Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain. This war was basically fought over who got claims for the land over the land of Ohio Country. The war ended with The Treaty of Paris of 1763. -
The Revolutionary War
Is American's War of Independence -
Acts of Parliament
It's basically creating new laws. Examples of this is the Revenue Act/Sugar Act is having tax on sugar, Stamp Act is on every printed item on paper had to have a stamp, Declaratory Act is that they had the power to tax the colonist, Townshend Act was actually a series of taxes and laws upon the colonist, Non importation movement was boycotting tea, Coercive Act was a series of 4 acts after the Boston Tea Party happened and Prohibitory Act was in response to American's decision to boycott goods. -
Period: to
The Revolutionary War
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Period: to
Colonial America to 1763
It's about the trades that happen -
Boston Massacre
It was a deadly riot that occurred on King Street on March 5, 1770 when British soldiers opened fire on a group of colonist killing five men. It happened because the Boston Colonist didn't like having British soldiers in the city and it made the colonial leaders used the killing as propaganda, led the colonist to boycott more against British goods and it made the Parliament repeal the taxes except the one on tea. It united the colonist against Britain which would lead to the Revolutionary War. -
Boston Tea Party
It was a political protest that occurred at Griffin's Wharf in Boston on December 16, 1773. It happened because american colonists were frustrated and angry at Britain for imposing “taxation without representation". So a large group of men and people said that they see Sons of Liberty and dressed up in Native Americans garb and dumped 342 chest of British tea into the harbor. It was the first major act of defiance to British rule over the colonist which led to them shutting down the Boston port. -
1st Continental Congress
It is a meeting of delegates from 12 of the 13 Colonies who met each other from September 5 to October 26, 1774 in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia and it was also known as the seat of the Pennsylvania Congress. This became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution and the meeting happened because of The British Parliament who had passed the 'Coercive Acts' in response to the Boston Tea Party in Massachusetts. The only colony that didn't send a delegates was Georgia. -
Changes in Communication
Before communication would take days or weeks to get through, but it changed in the 18th century. One of the most advanced inventions made for communication was the printing press which was made by Johannes Gutenberg which stayed the main resource for mass messages until the telegraph was made by Samuel Morse which allowed communication over huge distances possible and then the radio was created which was easy to use and then telephones were created since it was the fastest way to communicate. -
Battles of the American Revolution
The first battle was of Lexington & Concord which was when a shot was heard around the world. The next battle was Battle of Bunker Hill which was the siege of Boston and gave the American colonist an important confidence boost. The 3rd battle was of New York which was when George Washington did a surprise attack on the British troops which led to the American's victory over it. The next battle was of Battle of Saratoga which was a turning point for the American Revolution since the colonist won. -
Charter Colonies
It was written contracts between the British King and the American colonist which is defining the share each colonial should have in the government and were not to be changed without the consent of both parties. They were all located in New England where a lot of the colonial government issues are discussed. Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Islands became Charter Colonies at the start of the American Revolution. They were also guaranteed with the vague rights and privileges of an Englishmen. -
Virtual Representation
It led to conflict between the colonist and the British government. A virtual representation means that every lawmaker represents not only the people from his or her area but also all the people throughout the country. All of the colonist were against it since they didn't have representatives that they elected to Parliament which made them feel that their rights were being violated when the tax laws were passed. It has widely been used by many countries for political and administration purposes. -
North(Union)
The North had a population of 22 million people and 4 million men was combat age. Their economy depended on factories/farms to make money. They had 100,000 factories, 22,000 miles of Railroad and 50,000 in bank deposits. So they had more industry which means stronger economy. Their armies were mostly made up of drafted soldiers with overly cautious officers and African Americans made up 10% of the Union forces. They had a stronger navy and their motivation was to fight is to preserve the Union. -
The Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and it was actually completed on July 2 and then signed on July 4, 1776. It was a list of grievances against British and it avoided anti-monarchical sentiment. It's an important part of American democracy because it contains our goals for our nation and it contains the arguments as to why the colonist wanted to be free of Britain rule. This document changed America's rebellion against Britain into a revolution called The American Revolution. -
Common Sense
It was written by Thomas Paine in 1776 during the events that led to the American Revolutionary War and was also it was originally published anonymously and it's considered one of the most influential pamphlets in American history. It challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy and it was one of the major factors in bringing about the American Revolution. This was a important pamphlet because it made the colonist want to fight for their freedom from Great Britain. -
Articles of Confederation
It was the first written Constitution of the United States, but it had a weak central government. It was a document that established the functions and positions of the national government of the United States after it declared it's independence from Great Britain. The document was limited because because states held most of the power of the government and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage which led to a meeting of the states in 1787 creating a new Constitution. -
Election of 1788
It was the first presidential election that was held under the Constitution and it when voters cast ballots to choose state electors. At this time only white men who owned property were allowed to vote. It was when George Washington won the vote to be the first president of the United States since he was like a god-like figure and he was everyone's choice. There was a VP and there were no running mates. Also North Carolina did not cast votes because they had not yet ratified the Constitution. -
Massachusetts Constitutional
It was also called The 1780 Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts which was drafted by John Adams in 1787 and it's the world's oldest functioning written constitution and didn't become effective until 1789 and it was a model for the US. This Massachusetts Compromise was a solution reached in controversy between Federalist and Ant-Federalist. Their constitution is different from the other states because they divided power among the 3 branches instead of having a legislature supreme. -
Period: to
The Constitution
Is the basic set of rights in a federal government. -
Treaty of Paris 1783
It was the treaty that was signed by King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783 which ended the American Revolution. The treaty was represented in Paris and was signed so that the U.S. could be an independent nation and it was when the British acknowledged the independence of the United States. It stated that any loyalist who had land was to be taken away and returned to the U.S. By that time Britain made peace with France and Spain. -
Northwest Ordinance
It was passed by the U.S. government under the Articles of Confederation to create Northwest territory out of land gained by Great Britain and it established a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory which it also included a Bill of Rights guaranteed right in the territory. Also it stated that new territories could petition for statehood once they reached a population of 60,000 people and that no less than 3 and no more than 5 states can be created out of territories. -
Changes in Transportation
Before people used roads which were very few and were in bad condition and river traffic since it was the easiest and fastest way to transport goods from the North to the South. Now it made the steam engine which was created at the beginning of the industrial revolution and it became widely popular. Canals could connect cities by water and make inland transportation easier and quicker to do. Also the construction of railroads was the most important since it could carry goods for short distances. -
Period: to
New Republic
In the early republic -
Second Great Awakening
It was one of the most significant occurrences in the history of American religion and was series of religious revivals starting in the 1801 which was based on Methodism and Baptism. It stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. It attracted women, Blacks and Native Americans and had a effect on moral movements such as prison reform and moral reasoning against slavery. Also many people were forced to convert and many churches changed. -
Bill of Rights
It had 10 amendments was made because the Anti-Federalist people refused to support the constitution. So then James Madison drafted it with the inspiration of Thomas Jefferson and it was adopted in 1791 and it became the law of the land. It was added to the Constitution because people were afraid that the new government didn't protect the rights of individual people. It was a declaration of rights and it was to protect those rights against infringement from public officials and private citizens. -
Whiskey Rebellion
It was an uprising of farmers and distillers in western Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax that the federal government made.It was the first tax imposed on domestic product and it proved that the new constitution of the US had great authority over the people because when George Washington and his troops went to Pennsylvania to stop it from spreading and when they came the farmers were scared so they just ran away. It was under the command of American Revolution war veteran James McFarlane. -
Stephen F. Austin
He founded the first settlement of Americans in Texas and is known as the "Father of Texas". He was sent by the colonist to negotiate with the Mexican government for Texas to become independent in 1833, but was imprisoned in Mexico until 1835. Then when he returned to Texas, he became the commander of the settler's army in the Texas Revolution between Mexico. Also he led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by bringing in 300 families in Texas from the United States. -
Sam Houston
In his childhood he spent it with the Cherokee Indian tribe and his nickname was the Raven. He was a United States political and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico to make it apart of the United States. Also he was a general chosen by government planners to lead the Texas Army and he trained the Texas fighters to help defeat and capture Santa Anna at the Battle of Jacinto. He was elected the first president of Texas and the city of Houston was named after him. -
Technological benefits of War of 1812
This was when the industrialization kind of started like with the cotton gin which was invented by Eli Whitney so that the process for picking seeds from every cotton ball would be faster in 1793, the fire arms which was a lethal weapon of any description that can be shot, bullet, or other missile can be discharged which includes air-gun and hand gun.. Steam engine is also apart of this and it provided energy to run factory machines and allowed new inventions to be created and mass production. -
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
He was a Mexican political leader, general and a president who greatly influenced early Mexican & Spanish politics and government. He was also the first to fight against Spain for Mexican's independence and became Mexico's first president in 1833. He was against Texas being independent so they went to war and was the general that led to the Battle of the Alamo and his army killed at least 350 American prisoner during the Texas Revolution. He lost and surrendered at San Jacinto and was captured. -
Election of 1796
This was when George Washington was leaving office and he made an inauguration which was called Washington's Farewell Address and it was about not having political ties to other nations and not entering permanent alliances with other countries and America's uniqueness. It was when John Adams was nominated for president by the Federalist and Thomas Jefferson was nominated by the Democrats/Republics, but John Adams won the election and become president while Thomas Jefferson became vice president. -
Kentucky Resolutions
It was secretly written by President Thomas Jefferson in 1798 in North America. This was written in opposed to the Alien & Sedition Acts that the federal government passed which was cause by the war scare with France and they believed that the act was unconstitutional. Also it was a suggestion on how states and people can challenge unconstitutional laws passed by the federal government. It helped to enable the states to be able to have the right to nullify a law that they did not believe in. -
Millennialism
It was much of religious enthusiasm at that time and was based on the widespread belief that the world was about to end with the second coming of Christ. Also preacher William Miller gained tens of thousands of followers by predicting a specific date when the second coming would occur. The Mormons was founded by Joseph Smith tracing a connection between the Native Americans and the lost tribes of Israel in 1830. The Shakers had 6000 members & held property in common and kept women and men apart. -
Colonial Economies
It means a production system deliberately established in a society which had been physically dominated by imperialist power in all aspect of life, politically economically, culture and socially. In New England they centered on small farmer, fishing and home manufactures, as well as sea trade and shipbuilding. The Mid-Atlantic economy was a mix of farming and manufacturing. The South was based on agriculture and developed the plantations for cash crops, cotton, corn, grain, fruit and livestock. -
Southern Society
They had 4 main groups which were the planters, yeomen, tenant farmers, mixed society & free African Americans. The planters were the wealthiest members of society, had a huge influence on Southern economy and the Yeomen were owners of small farms averaging 100 acres and composed of mostly white southerners and some had slaves and the tenant farmers were the lowest class and lived on land which was owned by a landlord, mixed society and the free African Americans were free, but discriminated. -
Period: to
The Age of Jefferson
When Thomas Jefferson was President -
Period: to
Sectionalism
It was a big lead to the Civil War. -
Jefferson Administration
He wanted to emphasize state's rights, wants America to be nation of farmers and wanted a small government. He also wanted reduction in government to encouraged agriculture and embraced political conflict and dialogue. He was mocked by the Federalist and he had a simple demeanor which meant he no pomp & circumstance, he dressed causal and was personally attacked. Also had problems with Britain which was Americans were forced into joining the naval service and they fire at the U.S.S Chesapeake. -
Hamilton vs. Burr
During this time duels were illegal, but people still do it anyway. It was basically a duel between prominent American politicians Aaron Burr (VP) and Alexander Hamilton (former Secretary of the Treasury). It happened on July 11, 1804 at Weehawken, New Jersey. It began as insults to each other in public then Burr challenges Hamilton to a duel then Hamilton fires the first shot, but he misses. Then Burr shots and kills Hamilton and the next day he dies the next day and he is convicted of treason. -
Period: to
Westward Expansion
When the U.S. wanted to expand west -
Underground Railroad
It was a network of houses and buildings that were used for slaves to escape from the South to the Northern States/Canada for freedom and also they would hide in barns/secret places in the house called station. It started before the civil war and was still running during the civil which is like from 1810-1850. Also Harriet Tubman was one of the most famous abolitionist who helped slaves escape to the underground railroad as a "conductor". She also was a Union spy and nurse during the civil war. -
McCulloch v. Maryland
It's the landmark of the Supreme Court of the U.S. and it's why it's one of the most important cases of the supreme court. Also they said that the states can't take place of the federal government and the south led to more radical view's of states right. The cause of this was that Maryland tried to levied a tax on all banks not chartered in the State (The U.S. Bank) and the McCulloch side replied by refusing to pay the tax. In the end it established the supremacy of federal law over state law. -
Panic of 1819
It was the first major financial crisis in the U.S. and it was about many state banks being closed and unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt sharply increased and it's one of the worst recessions in American History. It was a economic disaster that happened because The Second Bank of the U.S. is at fault for trying to tightened credit in a belated effort to control inflammation, but it made it worse. Also it marked the end of the economic expansion that led to the War of 1812. -
Missouri Crisis
It was when Missouri tried to apply to enter the union as a slave state, but if they were to be accepted as a slave state it will make the slave to free state ratio unbalanced. Next Congress proposed an emancipation of slaves in Missouri, but the territory rejected the proposal. Then as a result of this, the Southerners in the senate used their power to withhold statehood for Maine. Northern states were against this while Southern States was for it and it might influence the Louisiana Purchase. -
Transcendentalism
This movement consisted of mainly modernizing the old puritan belief and the system of beliefs owed a lot to foreign influences and usually resembled the philosophies of John Locke.Transcendentalist believed that the truth transcends the body through the senses and Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were two of the most famous transcendentalists. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter in the 1850 and it was his most famous masterpiece. Herman Melville was a famous author in 1819. -
Temperance Movement
It was a social movement that ban the sale, consumption and distribution of alcohol. This all started with the Beecher Family stating that alcohol corrupts the family to make it disobey god, poverty, family violence and will make criminal activity go up. Also Lyman Beecher is the founder of American Temperance Society and is a Puritan Minister. She also lead the Temperance Society and the crusade. The American Temperance Society was an organization to get rid of alcohol that was formed in 1826. -
Revivalism
In Christian faith it generally refers to a specific period of spiritual renewal in the life of the Church. While elements such as mass conversions and perceived beneficial effects on the moral climate of a given. It was either known as either Zion which is like Christianity in many ways or Pukumina which is like African religions in a way they worship. Charles Grandson. Finney was the most famous preacher of the era and inspired emotional religious faith and held revivals in the 1820's-1830's. -
Monroe Doctrine
It was a policy that was articled in James Monroe's 7th annual message to Congress in December 2, 1823 and it was created to create separate spheres of European and American influences. It stated that Europe shouldn't interfere with affairs within the U.S. or the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere so if they don't interfere with the U.S. then they won't interfere with them. Also, it had a good effect and has a strong support in the U.S. since it promoted the U.S. interest. -
Election of 1824
It was when no one won the electoral vote, so The House of This was when John Q. Adams won the election over Andrew Jackson and he and his supporters called it a "corrupt bargain". The Corrupt Bargain is that the election went to the House of Representatives even though Andrew Jackson won the popular vote where Henry Clay who had the least amount of popular votes used his incredible influence to get the House of Representatives to vote for John Quincy Adams. That's why they called it that name. -
Stonewall Jackson
His real-name was "Thomas Jonathan Jackson" and was a confederate general who was known for his fearlessness in leading rapid marches, bold flanking movements and furious assaults. In the Battle of Bull-Run, he held his ground and stood like a "stoned wall" which is where he got his nickname from because of how he stood there courageously against the Union fire which helped the Confederates secured their victory. Also during the Battle of Chancellorsville his own men accidentally wounded him. -
Election of 1828
This was one of the nastiest campaigns in American history. So he spent the last four years attacking Adams and used his allies in Congress to prevent Adam's program from getting approved. They both threw insults and lies about each other and Jackson won the votes by a landslide because he won with 68% of the votes that were entered because he used his spoiled system. In this all the rumors of Adams were all false. In this election a lot of new voters came because of liberation of requirements . -
Jackson Administration
He had a spoil system where he would award his supporters with government jobs even if they aren't qualified Also the Nullification Crisis was a sectional crisis that happened during his presidency and created by the Ordinance of Nullification that passed the Tariff of 1828 and it was an attempt by South Carolina to nullify a federal law. It also included the Indian Naval Removal Act of 1830 where all the Native Americans were forced to relocate to Oklahoma which was called the Trail of Tears. -
Age of the Common Man
It's the era when Andrew Jackson was president and it began a new era in American politics. It began the Spoil System which is when they give their supporters, friends and relatives government civil service jobs as an award for working to victory and to keep them working for party. They made a new system which is democracy where the government is done by the common people. Davy Crockett was an United States and Tennessee politician who died in the Battle of the Alamo as a hero as a common man. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
It was when Andrew Jackson was president -
Election of 1832
The election was between Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay This was when they started nomination conventions and party platform. Clay thinks that bank is a way to win the election so Nicholas Biddle tried to get an early renewal of the charter for 4 years, but get denied which was what they wanted so it got them to force this issue in the election. Then Jackson explained in his speech as to why he vetoed it. In the end Jackson destroys Clay in the election and the 2nd Bank of the U.S. was destroyed. -
Slavery Part 2
Abolitionism is a movement opposing to slavery and often demanding immediate & uncompensated emancipation of all slaves. The American Anti-Slavery Society was an organization in opposing to slavery and the role of abolitionist as a political party led it to into divide American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society. They had a sense of religious principles and conscience. Thomas R. Dew is one of the earliest defenders of slavery and that he denied that it was unchristian, immoral, or undemocratic. -
Election of 1836
This was when Martin van Buren became president and he served as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term. Also was vice president during Andrew Jackson's second term and was nicknamed as Old Kinderhook "OK". This was also when the Panic of 1837 happened which was when economic downturn cause by loose lending practices of state banks and over-speculation and he spent most of his time to try to stabilize and lessen the economic situation. It was also when the Whig Party was formed. -
Election of 1840
This was an election between Martin Van Buren(Democrat), William Henry Harrison and Tyler by the Whigs. William Henry Harrison was portrayed by the Whigs as a poor man born in a log cabin, but it wasn't true though and slogans developed around the cabin. William Henry Henry Harrison defeats Martin Van Buren and it was one of the largest turnouts of eligible voters in history and slogans became popular for future elections. He was the shortest lived president ever and then Tyler became president. -
Election of 1844
Issues of Texas and the expansion of America where the issues that were discussed about if they should annexing Texas and Oregon was a part of the expansion. Oregon was an issue because Britain and America both want it and said that they both explored it and wanted it for people to move in there for new opportunities. The Democrats chose James K. Polk for expansion while the Whigs chose Henry Clay against expansion. In the end James K. Polk won and the joint resolution to annex Texas by Tyler. -
Mexican American War
It was a war between the U.S. and Mexico dispute about where the border of Texas is because Mexico wanted Texas's border to be the Nueces River while the U.S. wanted the Rio Grande to be bundary It was also about Mexico rejected our offer to purchase to land and then the U.S. station their troops south of the Nueces River then the Mexico fires at the U.S. which started the war. It lasted for 2 years and ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe in the early 1848 being signed by Mexico and the U.S. won. -
Suffrage
It's about that women should have the right to vote just like a man. The Seneca Falls Convention was a convention to women of all ages to discuss the rights and conditions of women which was in Seneca Falls, New York.There they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an important Women's Rights Movement advocate and was a co-founder of National Women's Studies Association along with Susan B. Anthony who was a leader of the women's suffrage movement & temperance movement. -
Election of 1848
The candidate were Zachary Tyler(Whigs), Martin Van Buren (Free Soil Party) and Lewis Cass (Democrat). Taylor's strategy was to deal with the slavery issue that divided the nation and let California enter using popular sovereignty so it can be free. Henry Clay's plan was to let California be free too and using popular sovereignty for other states, be more diligent in forcing fugitive slave laws and proposed a slave law to not abolish slavery in D.C, but no more slave trade. In the end Tyler won. -
California God Rush
Gold was discovered by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.It was when a thousands of miners travel to Northern California after news reports of the discovery of gold found at Sutter's Mill in January 1848 all around the world which resulted in 300,000 men, women and children to come to California from all over the United States and abroad. Gold seekers "Forty-niners" used a sailboat and in covered wagons to get across the continent which resulted in them facing hardships. -
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay made it to make slavery become outlawed in Washington D.C. It also stated that California would be admitted as a free state and Utah & New Mexico will determine whether slavery is allowed through popular sovereignty. Also, the Fugitive Slave Law is passed and it required all citizens to aid in the capture of runaway slaves and if you didn't you would be fined & imprisoned. It also reopened the debate of slavery which increased the efforts of those involved in the underground railroad. -
Republican Party
The Republican Party was formed to fill the void of where the Whig Party left because the Kansas-Nebraska Act caused the Whig Party to split and to stop the spread of slavery in the west Next Henry Clay the leader of the Whig Party died and since then they didn't have anyone to lead them so they fell apart. Also the people that make up the party is anti-slavery Whigs and democrats(northern democrats), abolitionist, free-soilers, originally anti-spread of slavery for economic/ political reasons. -
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Cultural Changes
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Election of 1852
It was an election between Winfield Scott(Whig) who was a military hero vs Franklin Pierce(Democrat) who was thought to have southern sympathy. The Democratic platform was an execution of the Compromise of 1850 and Pierce won by a landslide since people liked him more. It was also the most one-sided election since 1820 since they favored Pierce with 254 electoral votes over Scott with 42 electoral votes and it was the end of the Whig Party. Also Pierce was the only President from New Hampshire. -
Dred Scott vs. Sandford
It was about how African Americans are not considered citizen. Dred Scott was an enslaved African American who had lived in Illinois and in the Wisconsin Territory for a while which banned slavery. He was thought to be a slave and was brought back to the South so he tried to get a court case and argued saying that he should be a free man since he lived in a free state. In 1854, the federal court reached a verdict saying that he was still a slave and the Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional. -
John Brown's Raid
John Brown was a radical abolitionist and didn't like slavery. So he and 22 men attacked a small town called Harper's Ferry, Virginia. They were intent on seizing weapons to give to the slaves to start a rebellion so they gained control of the guns, but were surrounded by General Lee's men. So 10 of his men were killed and he was captured for treason and sentenced to death. To the North he was a martyr and rang bells for him while the South viewed him as a terrorist and was angry with the North. -
Free Black Communties
It emerged where slavery was not relayed on for the economy. In the Upper and Deep South free black slave owners lived alongside slaves and had family ties to slaves. The lives of free blacks were faced with many problems like systematic legal, political, social and economic discrimination in most states in the north and were subject to slave codes in many southern states. The white people didn't like it so they wanted to send them back to Africa so they wouldn't compete with them to get a job. -
South(Confederacy)
The population of the South is 9 million people(1.2 million men of fighting age & 3.5 million slaves who are not allowed to fight). They had 100,000 factories, 9,000 miles of railroad and $190,000 in bank deposits. Their economy is more focused on agriculture/farming and had a weaker economy because they had less industry. They didn't have a real army, but they had better trained soldiers & better generals than the North. Their motivation to fight this Civil War is to preserve their way of life. -
Leaders(Union v.s. Confederacy)
The Union President was Abraham Lincoln and the Confederate President is Jefferson Davis. The first major general of the Union Army was George McClellan until he got fired by Lincoln after losing so many battles. Then he got replaced by Ulysses S. Grant and William T. Sherman was a Union general who was a really smart military strategist. The Confederacy's first major general was Robert E. Lee and Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was a Brigadier general and a tactical commander for the Confederacy. -
Armies
The Army of Potomac is the main eastern Union army who is commanded by a series of commanders which includes, George McClellan, Gordon Meade, and Ulysses S. Grant. They are in charged with protecting the nation's capitol, Washington, D.C. and with shutting down the Confederate eastern army under Robert E. Lee. The Army of Northern Virginia is one of the three armies of the Confederate army and is tasked with protecting the capital of the Confederacy, Richmond and to defeat the Army of Potomac. -
Women at Work
Women could only be a teacher in 1800's since men believed that women couldn't handle any other jobs. Also when their husbands & sons went to war they would took care of the household. Then took the role of nurses, spies, aides, secret soldiers and war relief workers and had to supply the soldiers with food, clothing, medical supplies and money. Clara Barton was the first women to go out on a battlefield in the U.S. to nurse the wounded soldiers on both sides and later built American Red Cross. -
Neutral States
The neutral states were Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky & Missouri since they were the border states & slaves states also. They stayed in the Union because of the reassurance of the war that is being fought is to preserve the Union instead of trying to end slavery. It was also crucial to Lincoln's political and military strategy because he feared that alienating them with emancipation of slaves will give the Confederates an advantage to surround their capital Washington DC with their armed forces. -
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The Civil War
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Slavery
Slavery was basically in the South because it was needed the most since their agriculture was cotton so they depended on the slaves to make the cotton. It was mostly Africans Americans who were sold to white people in the South. Slave trade was also a part of this where they would capture then transport them across Europe and sell them for money. The African Americans didn't like it so there was a lot of rebellions, bu the most famous one is Nat Turner's Rebellion which was kind of successful. -
Assassination
It's when John Wilkes Booth an actor who planned with other people for six months to abduct Lincoln at the start of the war, but didn't go according as to plan so on April 14, 1865, he shot Lincoln at Ford's Theater and jumped down onto the stage and his spur caught in the American flag draped over the balcony and he fell/ broke his leg. He escaped on a waiting horse and fled town. Also Lewis Paine broke into Secretary of State William Seward's home and stabbed him repeatedly according to plan. -
Plans
Lincoln's Reconstruction plan was that the South had to take an oath of loyalty and once 10% of the state had taken the oath that's when they could rejoin the Union which is the 10% plan. Also proposed the 13th Amendment and the freedman's bureau which is to help newly freed slaves adjust to life after the Civil War. Johnson's plan was the same except he required a majority to swear loyalty to them before rejoining the Union and instead they decided to divide the South into 5 military districts. -
Black Codes
It was series of statutes and laws that were enacted in 1865 and 1866 by the legislatures of the Southern states that followed at the end of the Civil War and at the beginning of the Reconstruction Era. They are public laws that economized restricted minorities' civil rights and they stated that they are prohibited from voting/holding office, from serving in state militias & interracial marriage between whites and black and are mandated/ regulated labor contracts between whites and free blacks. -
Freedman's Bureau
It was an agency that was created by the government that helped and protected newly freed African Americans to find jobs, homes, education, and a better life. It was lead by Oliver Otis Howard who was a Veteran of the Civil War Congress. It was to aid former black slaves and poor whites in South after the Civil War and it helped feed millions of people, built hospitals/schools, provided medical aid, helped former slaves legalize marriages/ locate families, and assisted African American veterans. -
Life for whites Reconstruction South
The Scalawags are a derogatory term that is used to describe white southerners that supported Reconstruction which continued into the American Civil War and they worked together with the Freedmen and carpetbaggers to take control of the government. The Carpetbaggers known as Yankees) were people who moved to the south from the north during the reconstruction era who had economic and political interests and causing distrust among the southern community. Also there were Southern Republicans too. -
Freedom Amendments
The 13th Amendment is the freeing of all slaves without compensation to the slave owners. So basically it legally forbade slavery in the United States. The 14th Amendment is that it declared that everybody born or who immigrated in the U.S. were entitled equal rights regardless of their race and their rights are protected by both the state and national level. The 15th Amendment is that all citizens have the right to vote no matter what their race, color or recent condition of servitude they did. -
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Reconstruction
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Election of 1868
It was an election between Horatio Seymour(Democrat) and Ulysses Grant(Republican). The Republicans supported the continuation of the Reconstruction of the South, while Grant stood on the platform of "just having peace". He was a political moderation and like peace. It showed that whites in the North & South were racist and it was when black votes became very important. It had violence and intimidation between the two nominees trying to make the other look bad. In the end, Grant won the votes. -
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The American Industrial Revolution
It's when industrialization went up. -
Election of 1876
It was an election between Rutherford Hayes(Republican) & Samuel Tilden(Democrat). It was one of the most controversial elections in U.S. history and neither candidate reached the number of electoral votes to win. So the Electoral Commission was created & they choose Rutherford Hayes to be President. Then they made a deal with the Democrats which ended Reconstruction. It was called the Compromise of 1877 which is to keep them from having a filibuster against the electoral commission's decision. -
Immigration
This was when a new wave of immigrants, from all around the world and it frightened Americans because of the emigrant's customs, different faiths, illiteracy, and poverty. This consisted of Irish, German, Scandinavian and British.The Irish came over because of the potato famine and it made people starve to dead and the German came over for freedom for political and religious refuge from the German army. The Scandinavian came over because of the disasters that happened there because of poverty. -
Presidency of John Q. Adams
He is the sixth President of the US.and won because no one won in the majority vote in electoral college He got the bad end of the deal when he became President since The Tariff of 1828 which was proposed by the Jacksonian's. High tariffs were very popular with manufacturing regions such as New England and it protected American industries from foreign competition by forcing the prices of the competitors to go up. He proposed roadside construction, national university and astronomy observatory. -
Manifest Destiny
It was all God's Plan for America to expand its boundaries over a vast area to be able to move west or that they could extend all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Also they believed that it was a right to possess and cultivate the land which God had given them. The Oregon Trail is 2000 miles from Missouri to Oregon's Willamette Valley and began the Protestant missionaries. The Mormon Trail was a route that the members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints traveled in from 1846 to 1868.
