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Benito Mussolini (Il Duce)
Mussolini found the Fasic di Combattimento (Fascist Party) - a right wing organization that trumpeted nationalism & promised to make Italy great again. -
Period: to
WWII
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Benito Mussolini (King Victor Emmanuel III)
The King asks Mussolini to be the leader of Itay, Fascist party takes control -
Joseph Stalin (Man of Steel)
Joseph Stalin becomes head of the Communist Party after Lenin's death -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg and French Foreign Minister create a treaty to "outlaw war...as an instrument of national policy." 62 nations ratified the pact, but forgot about it later. -
Third Reich
Hitler began to reunify all Germans into one Reich (state). Third Reich was another name for Germany. The state was ruled by Hitler and his Nazi Party until the end of World War II. -
Adolf Hitler
The Weimer Republic's President appoints Hitler chancellor of Germany. He led the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi Party). He was violently Anti-Semetic (prejudice against Jews). In his book, Mein Kamph, he demonstrates his hatred and plans for world domination. -
Neutrality Acts
The Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 placed restrictions on Americans during times of war. Americans were prohibited to sail on ships owned by nations at war and making loans or selling arms and munitions to them. -
Quarantine Speech
Roosevelt's speech in Chicago, calling for protection from the "aggressor nations" or Japan, Germany, and Italy. He said that it would be best to keep out of the war, but America cannot be too confident that there are no dangers. His speech was most criticized by isolationists. The speech did alert America on Japan's threat to the Nation. -
Munich Pact
An agreement reached at the Munich Conference by Hitler, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, and French Premier Edouard Daladier. It sacrificed the Sudetenlad, Czechoslovakia, largely populated by ethnic Germans, to maintain peace. -
Neutrality Act of 1939
Congress agreed to allow belligerent nations to buy goods and arms from America if paid by cash and carried their own merchandise. -
Non-Aggression Pact
Germany signed a pact with the Soviet Union and promised publicly to not attack one another. They also secretly agreed to invade and divide Poland. -
Blitzkrieg ("Lightning War")
A large German blitzkrieg, sudden attack, hit Poland. It was a new warfare strategy that used speed and firepower to attack an enemy's land. This began WWII. -
Blitzkrieg
The Soviet Union invades Poland from the east, and Poland falls apart. -
Winston Churchill
Churchill tells Britain that they will fight and won't surrender. This was caused by Germany's attempt to attack French and British forces. His words prepared Great Britain for battle. -
Battle of Britain (The Blitz)
An air battle with Germany over the English Channel and Great Britain. Germany bombed everything! The British lost about 1,000 planes and the Germans, 1,700. -
Selective Service Act
Congress passed a peacetime draft in order to provide military training for 1.2 million troops and 800,000 reserve troops each year. -
Emperor Hirohito
Hirohito agreed to Japan's decision to attack Pearl Harbor. However, he wasn't very enthusiastic towards the plan. -
Great Migration
Like the first Great Migration during WWI, during WWII, African Americans moved from the South to the North and from the country to the city. And they again left to get away from racism. -
Four Freedoms
FDR's State of the Union address on stressing the dangers of fascist powers in America. He wanted Americans to support those who were fighting against aggressors in the war. His four world freedoms were: freedom of speech and expression, worship of God, freedom from want, and fear. -
Lend-Lease Act
Allowed President Roosevelt to sell or lend war supplies to any country whose defense he considered necessary for America's safety. -
Douglas MacArthur
MacArthur struggled to hold US positions in the Philippines, and it became more difficult when Japan destroyed half of the army's fighter planes and took Guam, Wake Island, and Hong Kong. -
Pearl Harbor
General Hideki Tojo held Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Their surprise attack caused America heavy losses-about 2,500 deaths, 8 battleships damaged, 3 destroyers completly ruined, 3 light cruisers damaged, and 160 aircraft destroyed and damaged. The attack shocked all of America and it caused America to declare war. -
Pearl Habor
Congress agreed to FDR's decision on declaring war on Japan. -
Douglas MacArthur
Japanese invasion caused American forces in the Philippines to retreat. -
Rationing
Americans were issued coupon books, and rationing limited the amount of certain goods that they could buy. -
War Bonds
Americans bought war bonds to save income and invest in war efforts, and every dollar spent to buy them was used for bullets and bombs. -
War Production Board (WPB)
Congress used the WPB to convert peacetime industry into war industry. -
Rosie the Riveter
Muscular, determined face of American women working in heavy industry during war. -
Douglas MacArthur
The Bataan Death March- the Japanese forced American and Filipino prisoners to march 63 miles. -
Battle of Midway
Americans defend American naval base in central Pacific from Japan. -
Chester Nimitz
Commander of US Navy in the Pacific. -
Japanese Internment
The government began to evacuate more than 100,000 Japanese Americans. Then, the War Department started a policy of internment-temporary imprisonment of members in a specific group. Japanese Americans of all ages were taken from their homes and put into camps in deserted places. -
WACS (Women's Army Corps)
American Women took jobs such as engineers and truck drivers during the war. -
Casablanca Conference
Churchill and FDR meet in Casablanca, Morocco to discuss the Allies' strategy in Europe. -
Stalingrad
Starved, frozen Nazis surrender after attempting to take the city of Stalingrad, Russia during the harsh winter. -
Teheran Conference
Roosevelt, Stalin, and FDR discuss strategy to weaken Germany via France. -
Island-Hopping
American troops swiftly capture some Japanese islands while ignoring others. -
Korematsu v. United States
Fred Korematsu argued that he had equal protection under law because he was a Japanese American. The court decided that the military order was changed for security reasons. Korematsu was then arrested for opposing the order. -
G.I. Bill of Rights
Bill that gave WWII veterans many benefits and help them readjust to life in the U.S. -
Airdrops
Resupply troops via aircraft by dropping supplies. -
D-Day (Operation Overlord)
Allies invade 5 Normandy beaches and successfully gain accesss into France. -
General George Patton
Created fake army for Allies to divert Germany during D-Day. -
Battle of the Bulge
English speaking Nazi troops posed as American soldiers to confuse and create a "bulge" within American lines before Allied bombers put Germany on the defensive. -
Iwo Jima
U.S. Marines battle 36 days on an island southeast of Tokyo and face 23,000 casualties before planting the American flag there in victory. -
Okinawa
U.S. fights on island near Japan for an important air base, but American troops suffer 50,000 casualties. -
V-J Day (Victory in Japan)
After the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrendered to the Allies and WWII ended. -
V-E Day (Victory in Europe Day)
After Hitler's suicide, Germany surrenders to the Allies in a French schoolhouse -
Manhattan Project
Development of the atomic bomb. -
J. Robert Oppenheimer
The physicist who worked on the Manhattan Project. -
Potsdam Conference
Stalin, Truman and Churchill meet in Potsdam, Germany to discuss punishments for Nazi Germany. -
Atomic Bomb
A weapon of mass destruction that utilizes fission to create an extremely large and destructive explosion. -
Nuremberg Trials
Nazis put on trial for crimes against humanity. -
Levittown
Mass production of identical looking houses created by William Levitt. -
Middle Class
The Middle class becomes the majority of Americans with mass consumerism, similar culture, and the idea of the American Dream. -
Baby Boomers
After The Great Depression and WWII, Americans had children at a rapid rate.
