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Langston Hughes "The negro speaks of rivers"
-It was a Harlem Renaissance Artists, He wrote the poem to revolve the importance of roots and the way they provide meaning in life.
-It influenced the value of the African race during the Renaissance Era.
-The crisis is the official magazine (NAACP) National Association of the advancement of colored people founded in 1910. -
Social Darwinism
-Haves were rich people, or people that had power.
-If you were poor or not educated then it meant that they don't deserve to have money or power and they were a have not.
-Concept behind social Darwinism was racism, money, and power.
-"What social classes owe to each other" was a pamphlet by William Graham Summers about solving social problems. Created in 1883-1903 -
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Stock Market Crash
"This time period is marketed by optimism, celebration, experimentation and social change, but also fear of external influences and a loss of "American Culture". -
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Transitional Immigration
-WW1 Immigration was reduced to a trickle by the conflict in Europe. (WW1)
-Nativisit feelings against immigrants led congress to restrict immigration from Europe for the 1st time.
-Immigrants were over flooding the urban areas.
-The economy was drawn down a tad due to little job's available. -
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Red Scare
Xenophobia=Irrational fear of foreigners
Causes-The U.S was scared of the communist party that was farming in the U.S. When a wave a stratifies also hit the U.S in 1919.
-The Palmer raids were the direct response to the supposed attempted bombings which led to the braking into people's houses violating their rights headed by Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer
-Sacco and Vanzetti were both Italians accused for being communist and were sentenced to death for robbery. -
19th Amendment
-Politicians needed more votes to win, they decided to let woman vote.
-This amendment is also know as suffrage.
-Before this right was founded woman didn't have the right to vote.
-The effects were that to pull votes from the fight of woman were later given more woman rights. -
UNIA
-Marcus Mosiah Garvey
-The members pledge themselves to do all in their power conserve the rights of their noble race and to respect the rights of all making believing always in the brotherhood of Man and the Fatherhood of God.
-North and frustration of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for Garvey's back to Africa Movement.
-He went to Jamaica and was kicked out of the U.S.
-He wanted the people to come back to Liberia which was a movement "Back to Africa". -
Henry Ford
-When manufacturer first adopted their assembly line to their production process, they often achieved dramatic gains in productivity.
-Ford was producing 1.6 million cars a year at a price of less than $300 per car
-The growth in automobile ownership, from 8-24 million, greatly affected all aspects of AM life.
Ford payed his workers $5 an hour, so they could afford the model T they built. -
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Nativism in the 1920's-1930's
-Dislike of foreign's
-The red scare which had anarchist bombings the Saeco & Vanzetti case.
-Migration of AF Americans from south to Northern cities increased racial tensions with KKK.
-During red scare anarchist targeted judges,Politicians,Law enforcement officials, 2 foreigners sentenced to death for robbery & KKK targeted AF Americans during Lynchings and new foreigner using the Emergency Quota Act to scare others. -
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National Origins Formula
-It established how many immigrants could enter the U.S restricted by origin discriminated people outside Western Europe
-They gov't only allowed 2% of the population into the nation.
-The Asian exclusive act was modified which barred asians completely out. -
Emergency Quota Act
Cause- # of immigrants had grown almost 600% Ranging 141,000-805,000 people after WW1 Term-Established max # of people who could enter the U.S "Cut European Immigration"
How it's positive-Allows immigrants that are already living in the U.S have a secure job Groups like the "KKK" strongly supposed the EQA an National origins Formula to reduce the # of Foreigners coming to the U.S. -
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Teapot Dome Scandal
-1920' Involved national security big oil companies and corruption of U.S and selling military land.
-Events led decades before Gov. and U.S navy officials, new global presence.
-Albert B. fall served secretary of the interior in president Warren G. Harding's cabinet.
-Scandal left a lasting stain on president reputation. -
National Origins Act
Purpose-Established of a quota system limited immigration from southern and East Europe also established a quota to determine how many immigrants could enter the U.S all Asians were exuded from immigration.
-Emergency Quota Act that limited immigration from any country to 3% this Act caused immigration to drop by almost 500,000 persons between 1920-1922. -
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Harlem Renaissance
-During WW1 AF-AM had witnessed a society in Europe that was turbulent in AM. Soldiers returned home, they found racism against AF-AM as deeply entrenched.
-Two decades from 1910 to 1930 witnessed the movement known as the "great migration". About 2 millions AF-AM out of the south to the "Promised land" of the north east or Midwest.
-The Harlem renaissance of "new negro movement" occurred as a result of an increase in radical AM intellectuals and Urban migration into Harlem. -
Scopes trial - Monkey trial
-As an american legal case in 1925 in which a teacher from Tennessee violated the butler act, which taught about Evolution.
-This made in unlawful to teach human evolution in any state - Funded school.
-William Jennings was the prosecutor, The attorney who defended scopes was convicted for teaching evolution his $1.00 fine was late set aside.
-The town first made the fine to collect money due to the Great Depression. -
Charles Lindbergh
Nicknamed Slim, Lucky, Lindy, and the Lone Eagle, was an american aviator, author, investor, and social activist. -
Fats Waller
-It's Jazz music
Was created specifically as a them song for the Razaf/Waller/Brook off Broadway musical comedy & Radio show.
-Ain't misbehaving recording of 1929 were hits in the ASCAP ranking for that year
-His radio show was in every bodes living room black,white he used his radio show to influence the black and white. -
Father of Naval Aviaion
-Glenn H. Curtiss designed a seaplane that could take off and land on water.
-3yrs later he flew his "hydroeroplane" in sandiego bay landing on a Naval ship this caused U.S Navy to buy it's first aircraft.
-Curtiss developed a larger "flying Boat"
-Then he helped U.S Navy create air craft carriers. -
Duke Ellington
-Jazz music is a type of music of African American originated characterized by improvisation.
-The cotton club was in Harlem New York at first it was for while audience, but then both were allowed, where the DUK played.
-The popular song was "it don't mean anything if you ain't got that swing" This song introduced the swing Era.
-The influence was music was not segregated by race, but heard from all races's over the radio. -
Eugenies
-Eugenies is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population.
-The government under Theodore Roosevelt created a national Heredity commission that was charged to investigate the genetic heritage of the country and to "Encourage" the increase of families of good blood and (Discourage) the vicious elements in the cross-bred American Civilization.
-Hitler believed that the Aryan people which came from Eugenics were destined to rule the world. -
Pledge of Allegiance
-In 1954 "Under god" was added to the pledge, in a response to the threat of communism.
Why was it changed?
-Congress after campaign by knights of Columbus, The pledge was now both patriotic oath and a public prayer 1923-"The U.S of America" was added into the pledge.
-The change was because they wanted to make sure they were pledging to their country and not to anyone else.