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The middle ages

By George:)
  • 753 BCE

    The Founding of Rome

    The Founding of Rome
    According to legend, Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus in 753 BCE. The founding of Rome is a significant event as it marks the beginning of one of the most influential civilizations in history, the Roman Empire. Rome's rise to power would have a profound impact on politics, culture, and governance for centuries to come.
  • Period: 1000 to 1300

    The Commercial Revolution

    The Commercial Revolution was a significant economic event that unfolded during the later Middle Ages, particularly from the 11th to the 14th centuries. It marked a transformative shift in European economic practices. Several key developments contributed to this revolution, including the growth of trade networks, the expansion of market towns, and the use of currency and banking systems. . This period laid the groundwork for the later Renaissance and the Age of Exploration.
  • 1080

    The Song of Roland

    The Song of Roland
    "The Song of Roland" is an epic poem that is one of the most famous literary works of the Middle Ages. It tells the heroic and chivalric tale of Roland, a Frankish knight, and his companions in the service of Charlemagne, the Holy Roman Emperor.
  • 1163

    The beginning of the construction of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame

    The beginning of the construction of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame
    The construction of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris, France, is a remarkable architectural and cultural achievement of the Middle Ages. This Gothic masterpiece is known for its stunning stained glass windows, intricate sculptures, and innovative use of flying buttresses. It served as a symbol of faith and the power of the Catholic Church during this era.
  • 1215

    The Magna Carta

    The Magna Carta
    The Magna Carta, also known as the Great Charter, was a pivotal political event in the early 13th century. It was a document signed by King John of England in 1215 under pressure from his barons. The Magna Carta aimed to limit the king's arbitrary power and protect the rights and privileges of the nobility. It laid the foundation for constitutional governance and the rule of law, emphasizing that even the monarch was subject to legal constraints.
  • 1300

    The Translation Movement in Toledo

    The Translation Movement in Toledo
    During the Middle Ages, particularly in the 12th and 13th centuries, the city of Toledo in Spain became a hub for the translation of scientific and philosophical texts from Arabic and Greek into Latin. Scholars from different cultures worked together to preserve and transmit knowledge from the Islamic world to Europe. This translation movement played a pivotal role in the transfer of classical and scientific knowledge and laid the groundwork for the Renaissance.
  • Period: 1347 to 1353

    The Black Death

    The Black Death, was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history. It was a devastating outbreak of bubonic plague that swept through Europe during the 14th century. . It is estimated that the Black Death wiped out between 75 million to 200 million people across Europe, leading to labor shortages, social upheaval, and changes in economic structures. The horrors of the Black Death left a lasting imprint on medieval society and influenced art, literature, and religious practices.
  • 1378

    The arrival of the Great Schism

    The arrival of the Great Schism
    The Great Schism, also known as the Western Schism, was a significant religious and political event that divided the Roman Catholic Church into multiple rival papacies. It began in 1378 when rival popes were elected in Rome and Avignon, France, following disputes over papal authority. This division lasted for nearly 40 years and created a deep rift within the Church, with different regions of Europe supporting different popes.
  • May 29, 1453

    Fall of Constatinople

    Fall of Constatinople
    In 1453 CE, the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, fell to the Ottoman Turks. This event marked the end of the Byzantine Empire and the final decline of the Eastern Roman Empire. The fall of Constantinople had far-reaching consequences, including the spread of Greek and Roman knowledge to the West through fleeing scholars, which contributed to the Renaissance.

  • The Development of Medieval Alchemy

    The Development of Medieval Alchemy
    Alchemy, a precursor to modern chemistry, was practiced extensively during the Middle Ages. Alchemists sought to transform base metals into gold, discover the elixir of life, and unlock the secrets of the universe. While their goals were often mystical and philosophical, alchemy contributed to early chemical knowledge and laid the foundation for later scientific developments.