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World War One Conscription Crisis
Canada was deeply divided over this considering issue of conscription. The French Canadians felt there were more essential as farmers and did not feel the same ties to the commonwealth as the anglophones did. French Canadians also felt like they were second class citizens and were wary to help the cause and continue to be 'oppressed' by the anglophones. -
Creation of the Union Nationale Party
The party was founded in 1935, it was a coalition of the conservative party( of Quebec) and the Action liberale party. They won many provincial elections, and one of their more infamous members was Maurice Duplessis. This was a very nationalistic party that was very convinced to have self-autonomy within its province. It had a good region until its 'breakup' in 1989. -
The Duplesiss Era image
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The Duplesiss Era
Maurice Duplessis served as the 'Union Nationale'vpremir for Quebec. He was devout and staunch Roman Catholic and political conservative. He was known as 'le chef'- the boss. -
World War Two Conscription Crisis
Prime minister Mackenzie King had promised the French public that he would not enforce another conscription bill and generally kept his word. He pasted the 'National Resources Mobilization Act' only enforcing home defense conscription. Camillien Houde the Mayor of Montreal urged his citizens to ignore the calling. As the war progressed, many English people spoke out for conscription and were able to pass through a none binding referendum for conscription. This made the French deeply upset. -
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The Great Darkness
As Duplessis reign continued through 1944, he continued to refuse money from the federal goverment and was an extreme supporter of provincial rights. His main objective was to avoid English influence and to keep Quebec a French Canadian 'nation'. His era of power was contrived of bad working conditions and extreme discouragement of unions( using strong-arm tactics to achieve his 'goals). His tyranny is often referred to as 'la Grande Noirceur'- the great Darkness. -
The Great darkness picture
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1960s Separatist Movement
It reemerged in Canada, more importantly, Quebec, in the late 1950's early 60's. It emerged during a greater reformation of the province when extreme nationalize was reversed. any early semblance of this movement was the creation of the RIN or leftist Rassemblement pour l'independence nationale and LQ( refer to the last side for more information). It also causes a referendum in the 1980s but general public vetoed their independence. -
Front de liberation du Quebec LQ party is formed
They were a Canadian separatist group who spoke of Marxist objectives and were an extremely violent party. They believed in the need for separation between Canada and Quebec and believed the violent way was the only way. They were trained by revolutionaries of the Cuban revolution and guerrilla training from Palestinian commandos in Jordan. They had secret sell in Quebec and committed over 200 political actions, bank hold-ups, gunfire, and bombing. Many members were in jail by the 1970s. -
Quiet Revolution Begins 1960/ 1962 Maitre Chez Nous picture
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Quiet Revolution Begins/Maitre Chez Nous
Jean Lasage( of the liberal party) was a premier who campaigned under the slogan 'maitres chez Nous' or the masters of our own house. He wanted more control over decisions but not independence and sought to create a partnership between the French and the anglophones( as they controlled most of the businesses). He caused an eperdextrous modernization and secularization. He increased nationalism and coined the term 'Quebecois' for french Canadians. He did a lot of good for the province. -
FLQ Crisis (Oct 5, 1970) aka October Crisis
The October crisis, was when the two subsequent groups kidnaped tow victims in order to get the candain goverment to yield to their demands. The first victim was a man named James cross, the British trade commission of Montreal. later after their full demands of allowing all FLQ detainees to be realized, for there to be a fight to Cuba and allowing them all to leave, and their manifesto be broadcasted, they kidnapped Pierre Laporte minister of immigration, and whom they later killed. -
Canada’s New Flag 1965
Parliament proposed a new flag, as the first one had been made during their colonial period and was known as the British union flag. After much deliberation, a prominent mp in Quebec, Leon Barlcer came up with the idea to do an invoke closure forcing the speeches to last 15 minutes max. after 250 speeches a vote was taken and changes were made to resemble the flag you see today. -
1967 Canada’s Immigration Policy becomes “Colour Blind”
In 1962, they ended racial discrimination towards immigration and allowed members of all gender and race to be allowed in without their skin color to be a defining factor. In 1967, they created a points system for immigration for their eligibility into the country. The defining factor of the creation of the point's system was that race, color, and nationality was not taken into account. -
Immigration policy moves to ‘sponsorship program’
It allowed private institutions to sponsor a family into Canada. They could allow them to be permanent residents and help them to settle into candain life. Mostly churches were the sponsors. -
Parti Quebecois wins provincial election on Quebec
They beat the liberals by capturing 41.1 percent of the vote and 71 seats. They were able to pass important legislation, like allowing French to be the sole official language in Quebec. The also past and important civil code reforming family law, also known as bill 89. -
Bill 101 introduced/passed by Parti Quebecois, Rene Levesque
Bill 101 was introduced an allowed for French to be officially used in trading, commerce, workplace, instruction, courts,goverment, and all immigrants have to take compulsory language classes in Quebec. It also restricted access to English schools, and cause a mass exodus of Canadian Anglo Saxons from Quebec. -
Bi & Bi Commission investigation by Lester B. Pearson
The community was formed in 1963 when Lester B. Pearson was told to inquire about the state of Canadian culture. The commission comprised of Pearson, Andre Laurendeau, and David Dunton. Their formal investigation was conducted in five parts from 1967 to 1970. They came to the conclusion that we needed bilingual districts, parents should be able to choose the language the child be taught in, Ottawa be a bilingual city, and French and English be official languages. -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
Trudeau insnared the youth in Canada, ensuring his victory, despite what the Quebec sovereigntists did. He campaigned on the notion of a just society and defended new bills such as universal healthcare and welfare programs. He was up against candidates from Sasckatuwan, and Nova Scotia, who were both MPs respectively. -
Official Languages Act passed, 1969
The language act made both English and French national languages of Canada, making Canada a bilingual nation. It required all federal institutions to be French and English and to provide service of those languages by request. -
The War Measures Act 1970
'appended insurrection' was declared in Quebec in the 1970s due to the FLQ kidnappings. The outlawed the membership or even agreeing with the FLQ. The police were able to conduct over 3,000 searches and detained 497 people without reason. -
Policy of Multiculturalism 1971
The created a policy that declared to protect/promote diversity and recognize the rights of aboriginals. It also protected the two languages that are federally accepted today. It also created the ministry of multiculturalism and the candain consultative council of multiculturalism. -
Bill 22 introduced by Robert Bourassa
It as passed by legislature in July of 1974, it allowed French to be a language of civic administration, services, and the workplace. Many were against it and alike bill 63 it caused a bit of social unrest. -
Meech Lake Accord 1978/1990
deced to go back and make amendments to the last accord, allowing Quebec to make amendments as long as the other provinces agreed. When the accord was unveiled to the public it was generally very popular. In the ensuing three years however it became less and less popular as Pierre Trudeau came back from retirement to personally argue the unjust inequality, it would give to the Quebec people. It caused deep social unrest between the groups that are still seen today. -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
A referendum was introduced in the 1980s allowing Quebec to become a nation state, but still, be economically tied to Canada. after an emotion campaign for the no side, they were able to scratch by and close the vote winning only by 40 percent. -
Patriation of the Constitution
The constitution fight was over, after the night of the long knives, Quebec's MP's hands were tied. aboriginal/women groups lobbied for things that were not mentioned that night, and the proposal went through the British parliament fairly quickly. It would take another five long years to bring Quebec into the folds of the constitutional accord and they were never able to get them to sign it. -
Constitution Act
allowed candain's to complete the unfinished business of gaining their full independence from the UK. The provinces were all satisfied on how it was written except for Quebec, who had been left out form the writing of the constitution. There were attempts to fix it but they all fell flat. -
Brian Mulroney becomes Prime Minister
His party had a huge victory gaining the most amount of seats to date, 211 to be exact. Of course, Mulroney won his riding and was able to stress the importance of Quebec. -
Reform Party Created
It grew out of a coalition of western candain groups unhappy with the way politics were running. The attempted to voice western ideas in Ottawa. They wanted free trade, direct democracy, and cuts in federal goverment, along with social programs. -
Bloc Quebecois Formed
Was founded after the failure of the Meech lake occurred, the party is made up of MP's that left the conservative, and liberal parties in Quebec. Their views are sovereignty the house of commons, and to promote any of Quebec's interest. -
Department of Multiculturalism formed
The department issued an extremely more extensive report that overall called for a serious enactment for a new policy regarding multiculturalism. We were able to pass the Multicultural law. -
Charlottetown Accord
They tried a second time to fix the unresolved issue that the Meech Lake accord only deepened. Four bodies were appointed to formally engage in discussions on the accord. There was a national referenda to decide the matter, and the voter total came back with just 54.3 percent against, with Quebec being 56.7. -
Parti Quebecois returned to power
They returned to power with a 44.7 percent of the votes and 77 seats. After the failure of the Charlotte town accord, many Quebecers were in strife and need a party that was for anything Quebec, thus Parti Quebecois was back -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
In 1995 Parti Quebecois voted to have another referendum for Quebec's sovereignty. The referendum was held on October 30 and with just a hair of a vote and a voter turn out of 93.5 percent Quebec voted against its sovereignty for a second time. The no side one by 50.58 percent. -
Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court decision
After the referendum in Quebec, the bill clarity was brought to court to determine the question of a clear majority after a referendum has been passed. Although legal opposition can be concluded that bill C-20 is invalid, there for the majority of the referendum dependent solely on the higher number constitutes a win.
