Quarter #1: Chapter 14

Brethren of the Common Life Founded/In Effect

Jan 1, 1373

The Brethren of the Common Life founded themselves on practicing their faith The Brethren of the Common Life founded themselves on practicing their faith through generosity and Christian practices. Restricting themselves from many indulgences like the other Priests of the time.

Thomas à Kempis Writes the Imitation of Christ

Jan 1, 1427

A book by Thomas à Kempis which urged all Christians to follow and praise a life of simplicity. Overall it stressed the importance of following the Bible and not indulging in one's pleasures.

Reformation and Reform

Period: Jan 1, 1470 to Dec 31, 1590

Maximilian I Marries Mary of Burgundy

Jan 1, 1477

Maximilian I Marries Mary of Burgundy The marriage between the two would secure much France and the Netherlands under the Habsburgs. This new claim would make the Habsburg an immense power in Europe.

Treaty of Arras

Dec 23, 1482

A treaty between France and the Habsburg, forcing the Habsburg to back down slightly on their claims in the French Burgundy lands. The Habsburg would still fight for it, though France had legal "control" over the region.

Martin Luther' Lifespan

Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 18, 1546

Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros Begins to Reform the Church

Jan 1, 1498

Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros would begin to fix the church by upholding the rules of the religion and supporting higher standards of training. He was ne of the first reformers of the Catholic Church

Martin Luther Enters Erfurt's Monastary

Jul 17, 1505

After a near death experience with lightning, Martin Luther left his studies at the University of Erfurt to become a friar. Sparking his religious devotion and becoming a priest, Luther would use this background for his motivations in the protestant cause.

Ecumenial Council Summoned

Jan 1, 1512

Pope Julius II would summon a council of Italian bishops to help get reform started in the Church. The bishops earnestly fought for reform, and a higher education for the priests and instructions for the common people. The group also aimed to stop the corruption aiming at the clergy and Bureaucracy.

Luther Gains a Doctorate in Theology

Oct 19, 1512

Luther's understanding of religion and its values allowed him to critique and question faith acurately. Unlike the peasants of the time, he knew the practices of the Catholic faith.

Tetzel Sells Indulgences in Germany

Jan 1, 1516

Tetzel was sent into Germany for the purpose of raising money for the construction of the Saint Peter's Basilica. The sale of indulgences was not uncommon, but Luther frowned upon such abuse of the ignorant and poor people's faith.

Ninety-five Theses

Oct 31, 1517

A list of grievances against the Church written by Martin Luther that denounced several aspects of the Church's abuse of power and specifically use of indulgences. The theses were later published in other languages and spread around Europe and Germany, thus spreading his new anti-Church stance.

Ulrich Zwingli Begins to Reform Switzerland

Jan 1, 1519

Ulrich Zwingli begins his own sect of protestantism is Zurich, and with the support of local authorities, goes through the new testament 'A to Z". He would denounce the same things Luther had, like indulgences, celibacy, etc..., but harshly disagreed with him on certain theological issues.

John Eck Debates Martin Luther's Points

Jul 1, 1519

John Eck debated the Catholic faith with Luther in a public event, and tried his best to disprove and discredit Luther. Upon finding Luther would not change his opinion, and that Luther's beliefs had gained popularity he retreated back to Rome and wished to remove Luther.

Luther Burns the "Papal Bull"

Dec 10, 1520

Pope Leo X would send a demand to Martin Luther calling for him to burn his heretical works and essentially disown them. Instead Luther started a fire and cast the letter into the flame in a publicly burning the letter and symbolically denouncing and rejecting the power of the Pope.

Martin Luther Excommunicated

Jan 3, 1521

Pope Leo X was greatly offended by the act of Luther, burning the Papal Bull, and tried to contain and scare him into submission by excommunicating him. This act only further stretched Luther's popularity, and showed the weakness of the church and their inability to go through with swift punishment. publicly burning the letter and symbolically denouncing and rejecting the power of the Pope.

Diet of Worms

Jan 21, 1521

A call from the Holy Roman Empororer Charles V, German Princes and some Church authorities to try to get Luther to deny his claims or find correct punishment for his hertical actions. Duke Fredrick of Saxony though would protect any actions from Luther by shooting down opposition to him, and finally protecting him after Luther was declared an outlaw.

Luther Translates New Testament

Sep 1, 1522

The translation of the new testament from Eramus's Greek translation to the German language was a big step in the reading of the Bible for the educated lower classes. Normally only the rich could read in Greek or Latin, but now, the more accesible, German language allowed others to join in "Sola Scriptura"

Luther Writes Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants

Jan 1, 1524

Luther writes the worki to dissaprove of and seperate himself from their movement. He calls for the murder of the rebel and punishment for their actions, as he felt that God frowned upon their actions and rebelion.

German Peasant Revolts

Feb 4, 1525

The peasant revolts in Germany marked a turning point in peasant revolts, as it was based upon more than one or two factors that caused the rebellion. On top of that the peasants would justify their actions under Martin Luther's doctrines claiming they fit his descriptions.

The Twelve Articles

Mar 6, 1525

Under harsh conditions, represenatives form several swabian villiages gathered together to form a list of greivences called the Twelve Articles. These articles expressed the displeasure of the harsh taxation, rents, use of land and much more.

Diet of Speyer

Apr 25, 1529

A diet in which several German Princes in the Holy Roman Empire decided to follow protestant thought. Primarily for the purpose of fighting the Catholic majority and gaining freedom, but most importantly to recognize their own political powers without the Pope or Church.

Marburg Colloquy

Oct 1, 1529

A group meeting by Protestants to try to unite each other, but it failed to do so and would only last 4 days. This would cause many of the protestant sects to remain separate from each other.

Confession of Augsburg

Oct 16, 1530

A meeting in which the terms of Lutheran faith were officially formulated and recognized. Allowing Lutheranism to stand out from the general term of protestantism.

Supremacy Act

Nov 26, 1534

Act in which Henry VIII had declared himself head of the Church of England and disconnected himself permanently from Rome. Making England, technically, one of the first powers to become a protestant nation.

Council of Trent

Jan 1, 1545

A Church call for reform, in which some protestant sects were invited, but turned down for various reasons. It overall set the rules for the Church and ended certain aspects of corruption and reformed the Church to better help the citizen.

Peace of Augsburg

Sep 25, 1555

A treaty ending only a small part of the Habsburg-valois war allowing German princes to practice Lutheranism and Catholicism in their kingdoms. Overall reducing the power of the Holy Roman Empire.