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Origin of Instructional Media
The use of media for instructional purposes have been traced back to the first decade of the 20th century. School museums were viewed as the central administrative units for visual instruction. The first school museum was opened in St, Louis in 1905. -
First School Museum was Founded
The first school museum opened that provided instructional materials in St. Louis, Missouri. -
Visual Education
The Keystone View Company published Visual Education, the teacher guide to lantern slides & stereo-graphs. -
First Catalog of Instructional Films Was Published
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National Education Association
The NEA created the Visual Instruction Movement. During this time more emphasis was put on visual instruction. Five national organizations were established; five journals began publication; and teacher-training institutions starting having courses. -
Visual Instruction on the Decline
The decline of visual instruction happened because of the debt of investors and the start of the Great Depression -
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Origin of Instructional Design
The origins of instructional design procedures
occurred around WWII. During the war, many psychologists
and educators were called on to conduct research and develop training materials for the military services. Robert Gagne, Leslie Briggs, and John Flanagan, applied major influence on the characteristics of the training materials that were developed, constructing much of their work on instructional principles that came from research and theory on instruction. learning, and human behavior. -
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Division of Visual Aids for War Training
Created in 1941, the division oversaw the production of 457 training films. These films played an important role in the war because it prepared civilians to work in the industry. -
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Equipment Used During the War
Devices that were used during the war were overhead projectors, slide projectors, audio equipment, and simulators. Slide projectors were used to teach aircraft and ship recognition. The audio equipment was used to learn foreign languages, and the simulators were used in flight training. -
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The Growth of Audiovisual Instruction Movement in WWII
During the war, the United States Air Force made more than 400 training films and 600 filmstrips. During this two year period, they showed these training films to United States military personnel more than four million times. -
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After World War II
After the war, psycologists that were responsible for the success of the military training programs continued to work on solving instructional problems. American Institutes of Research were established in 1946 and throughout the 50's, psychologists started to view training as a system. Therefore developing a number of innovative analysis, design, and evaluation procedures. -
Federal Communications Commission
The FCC set aside 242 television channels for educational purposes. This eventually led to the rapid development of a large number of public television programs. -
Televised Classes for Credit
The University of Houston started to offer televised course classes for credit. -
The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching
B.F. Skinner published an article called, "The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching". He said that programmed instructional materials should present instruction in small steps, require active responses to questions, immediate feedback, and allow for self-pacing. -
Benjamin Bloom and the "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives"
Created led the development of the "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives" by identifying three principle domains of learning. Those three principles are cognitive, affective, and pyschomotor domains. -
Sputnik
When the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first orbiting space satellite, there began a series of events that would eventually have a major impact on the instructional design process. In response to the launching of Sputnik, the United States government, shocked by the success of the Soviet effort, poured millions of dollars into improving math and science education in the United States. -
The Conditions of Learning
Robert Gagne published the first edition of The Conditions of Learning -
ADDIE Model
The ADDIE model was created by the Center for Educational Technology at Florida State University for the U.S. Army and then quickly adapted by all the U.S. Armed Forces. -
Carey Model
Walter Dick, Lou Carey, and James Carey developed this comprehensive and detailed process in 1978. -
Computers Being Used in Public Education
computers were being used for instructional purposes in more than 40% of all elementary schools and more than 75% of all secondary schools in the United States -
The World Wide Web was Created
Tim Berners-Lee created the World Wide Web -
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Academic Enrollments in Distance Learning
During these years, distance learning in higher education at universities in the United States nearly doubled. The availability of these courses rose from 33% to 44% with 78% of these four-year institutions offered such courses -
Computers in Elementary and Secondary Schools
In elementary schools, teachers reported that computers were being primarily used for drill and practice, and at the secondary level, reports indicated that computers were mainly used for teaching computer-related skills such as word processing -
Blackboard was Created
Blackboard was a developed standard platform for class management and delivery. This helped institutions to be able to provide online instructions. -
Influence of computers
In 2000, the United States Army would spend $600 million would be spent over the next 6 years to enable soldiers to take the distance education courses through the internet.