-
1500
Portugal settle in the Brazilian lands
Since one thousand five hundred , Portugal has settled in the Brazilian lands -
1563
ECUADOR: Captaincy of Quito
In 1563, the Captaincy General of Quito was organized as part of the viceroyalty of Peru, encompassing important territories, including Payan, in the southern part of present-day Colombia. -
Aug 29, 1563
ECUADOR: The process of Ecuador, process of independence at the end of the XIX century. Sponish origins
Emancipatory process that took place in Latin America, causes, political and administrative aspects, general captaincy of quito. -
ECUADOR: Quito becomes part of New Granada
In 1739 Quito became part of the newly created Viceroyalty of New Granada, at that time enjoyed much economic and fiscal autonomy, being under the viceroyalty and the political and administrative part was under the command of the New Granada. -
ECUADOR: First anti-colonial revolt
In 1765 the first anti-colonial revolt took place; its objective was to put an end to the Spanish monopoly of a group of merchants. -
PERU: The rebellion of Tupac Amaru II
The Tupac Amaru II Rebellion was the first great revolution that took place within the emancipatory process that occurred in the viceroyalty of Perú and was a precedent for the wars of independence that would emerge in America at the beginning of the 19th century. -
VENEZUELA - First attempt at independence
Francisco de Miranda planned to arrive on the coasts of Venezuela to start a series of revolts to start the independence of New Granada, however, his plan was not successful. -
ARGENTINA: First English attack on Buenos Aires
The English advanced towards the capital city on June 27 and took political power in Buenos Aires, expelling the viceroy Sobremonte from his post and imposing new commercial laws that caused great discontent among the habitants. The conflict lasted for more than a month, until the urban militias and the troops of Santiago de Liniers managed to expel the English, who surrendered but did not give up. -
INVASION OF PORTUGAL
In 1807 Napoleon I invaded Portugal, a British ally, largely to tighten the European blockade of Great Britain. The Portuguese prince regent Dom João decided to take refuge in Brazil, making it the only colony to serve as the seat of government for its mother country. -
ARGENTINA: Second English attack to Buenos Aires
The second English attack began on February 3, 1807 when the British armytook the city of Montevideo and advanced towards Buenos Aires but were attacked with objects, oil and boiling water by the townspeople. Because of this, the English accepted an armistice by withdrawing from Montevideo, Colonia del Sacramento, and Buenos Aires. -
MÉXICO José Bonaparte fue Rey de España
El hermano de Napoleón Bonaparte llega al trono español, impuesto por Napoleón Bonaparte, permanece entre 1808 y 1813. -
Banco do Brasil was founded.
The prince-regent Don Joao de Braganca, son of Queen Dona Maria I, opened the ports of the then colony, allowed the operation of factories and founded the Banco do Brasil. -
State Boards
Spain was governed by King Ferdinand VII, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Spain that produced government boards in America which favored independence. -
ECUADOR: Sovereign Junta of Quito
On August 10, 1809, the Sovereign Junta of Quito was organized, proclaiming itself independent in its relationship with the French authorities imposed in Madrid. Achieving with this the sovereignty of the deposed Spanish King Ferdinand VII. -
MÉXICO GRITO DE DOLORES
CON EL GRITO DE DOLORES, EL CURA HIDALGO INICIA LA GUERRA DE INDEPENDENCIA EN MÉXICO EL 16 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1810 -
ARGENTINA: May Revolution
Process that took place in Buenos Aires, in May 1810, and that ended with the removal of the Spanish viceroy and his replacement by a local government. It was a municipal revolution, driven by a sector of revolutionary Creoles from Buenos Aires, who were influenced by the ideas spread by the Enlightenment This revolution was the beginning of an emancipatory process that ended six years later, when on 1816, the Congress of Tucumán proclaimed the Independence -
Old Homeland
The first state meeting was a town hall opened by Don Mateo De Toro y Zambrano. -
Celebration of the Extraordinary and Constituent Courts (Centralamerica)
The first session of the Extraordinary and Constituent Courts was held in the city of San Fernando. -
Independence official start:
Francisco Miranda convinced the Venezuelan national congress to declare independence legally; this, the fatigue and uprising of arms of the Creole merchants and landowners, who wanted to put an end to the commercial and political monopoly of colonial abuses. -
José Miguel Carrera
José Miguel Carrera takes power, he created national symbols and constitutional regulations. -
The first independence movement in Central America
The first independence movement in Central America took place on November 5, 1811, when a conspiracy led by the priests José Matias Delgado and Nicolás Aguilar tried to seize some weapons that existed in the casemate of San Salvador. -
Constitution of 1811
The first venezuelan constitution, that proclaimed the country independent from Spain and its domain, under a republican, federal and people's government. In this constitution men rights were established, among the rights of freedom of acting, thinking and writing. Enacted by Cristobal Méndoza and Juan Germán Roscio. As a modification of the constitution it was added an extension in the political matters, where they settled specific terms to identify the political parties. -
ARGENTINA: The Second Triunvirato
It was created the second triunvirato to centralize the political power it was conformed by 3 members who were the replacement of the members form the firts Triunvirato that was destroyed -
Cartagena Manifesto
Simón Bolívar from the city of Cartagena, issues a document inviting the inhabitants of New Granada, to join forces and efforts to expel the Spanish. -
ARGENTINA: Assembly of the Year 1813
On January 31, 1813, was established tthe General Constituent and Sovereign Assembly of the Year 1813, conformed by 17 deputies from all the provinces except the Oriental due to their federalist proposals. In this assembly were established the bases of the new nation such as anthem, flag, shield, etc. and were presented projects of political constitution. -
Battle Rancagua
Disputes between the Carrera and O'Higgins troops who end up uniting to fight Spanish troops, the old country ends with the battle of Rancagua. -
Reconquest
Chile is under the Spanish government of Mariano Osorio -
Fernando VII returned to Spain as king (Central America)
Fernando VII returned to Spain as king, and immediately reestablished absolutism, repealing the Constitution of Cadiz. The effects of the royal measures were felt in Central America, where the Captain General of Guatemala, José de Bustamante y Guerra, unleashed a persecution against the independence fighters and defenders of liberal ideas, which would last until his dismissal in 1817. -
Uprising in San Salvador (Central America)
An uprising occurred in San Salvador that was unsuccessful and most of the independence leaders were arrested; one of them, Santiago José Celís, was shot by the Spanish authorities. In this movement there was a wide popular participation. -
Brazil became a “united kingdom”
King Dom João VI raised Brazil from being a colony to become the United Kingdom with Portugal. -
The Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and The Algarves
A monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony of Brazil to the status of a kingdom and by the simultaneous union of that Kingdom of Brazil with the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of the Algarves, constituting a single state consisting of three kingdoms. It was formed in 1815 after the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil during the Napoleonic invasions of Portugal and this court continued to exist for about one year after the return of the Court to Europe. -
ARGENTINA: The act of independence
It was a decision taken on Tuesday, July 9, 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán, by which it declared the formal rupture of the ties of political dependence of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata with the Spanish monarchy. -
New Homeland
It begins with the battle of Chacabuco in which the patriots win. -
Bustamante left power (Central America)
In 1818 the implacable Bustamante left power and was substituted by Carlos Urrutia, a man of weak character and in whose government the independentistas gained ground. -
Declaration of Independence
The independence act was signed, with Bernardo O'Higgins as supreme director -
After emancipation
The territory was extended, then, between the parallels 27º and 41º South latitude, until the Royal Certificate of Carlos V, the following year the limit was extended to the South of the Strait of Magellan -
Congress of Venezuela in Angostura
It´s created this institution, had as its main function, to demand new bodies of laws, to generate an update of the Constitution of 1811 to the prevailing conditions and to build a Federal System adapted for the country. -
Constitution of 1819
The constitution of 1819, also known as the “constitution of Angostura”, was proclaimed by Simón Bolívar. It adopted centralism as the form of political power and domain. It proclaimed men rights to freedom, safety, individual property and equality; in political terms the president´s timing would last four years with no chance of re-election. This constitution opened the trade frame, because it applied the free terms of trade so the economy could grow more and faster. -
Nationalist speech
Simón Bolívar, delivered a nationalist speech before the "Congress of Venezuela in Angostura." The objective of this speech was to unite the entire population in a liberalist sentiment and justice, for the union of the territories of Venezuela and New Granada into a single nation, called "La Gran Colombia". This, through a message that led towards the direction that the independence revolution would take and towards a new national constitution. -
ARGENTINA: Creation of the First Constitution of Argentina.
Centralist in nature, the Constitution aroused the anger of the provinces, jealous of their autonomy, and accelerated the emergence of a heterogeneous group of caudillos, who became the support of republican and federal ideas. -
The big Colombia
In this year, the big Colombia was proclaimed but it was still under the control of the Spaniards, it was until 1821 when Ecuador was liberated, that it became a free and sovereign republic. -
Constitution of 1812 (Central America)
In 1820 the King of Spain Ferdinand VII was forced to reestablish the constitution of 1812, with which freedom of the press was once again implemented in Central America. -
START OF THE WAR - INDEPENDENCE OF BRAZIL
uring late 1821 and early 1822, the inhabitants of Brazil took sides in the political upheavals that took place in Rio de Janeiro and Lisbon. Fights between Portuguese soldiers and local militias broke out in the streets of the main cities in 1822 and quickly spread inland, despite the arrival of reinforcements from Portugal. -
Captain General Urrutia was replaced by Gabino Gaínza. (Central America)
Captain General Urrutia was replaced by Gabino Gaínza. In August, the news of Mexico's Independence arrived in Central America, under the terms established in Agustín de Iturbide's Plan de Iguala. Faced with this new reality, Gaínza summoned the meeting of notables on September 15. -
PERÚ: José de San martin
Despite royalist opposition, José de San Martín occupied Lima. -
Peru’s independence day
commemorates the liberation of Peru from Spain by José de San Martin, the most famous liberator of Latin America. -
Act of Independence of Central America
The Act of Independence of Central America was signed on September 15, 1821. -
MÉXICO CONSUMACIÓN DE LA INDEPENDENCIA
CON UN ABRAZO ENTRE ALLENDE E ITURBIDE SE LLEGA AL FIN DE LA GUERRA Y A LA PROCLAMACIÓN DE LA INDEPENDENCIA DE MÉXICO -
MÉXICO Anexión de Centro América a México
Después de independencia de México con España. Centro América decide anexarse al Imperio mexicano de Agustín de Inturbide -
Dissolution of the kingdom of brazil and consolidation as a state
The revolutionaries also sought to restore Portuguese exclusivity in the trade with Brazil, reverting Brazil to the status of a colony. It was officially reduced to a “Principality of Brazil,” instead of the Kingdom of Brazil. This was dissolved in 1822 when Brazil proclaimed its independence. -
ECUADOR: Battle of Pichicha
The liberating army managed to impose itself in the battle of Pichicha on May 24, 1822, this date is considered as the day of its independence from Ecuador. Bringing with this the defeat of the Spanish forces in Pichicha, Quito, expelling definitively the colonial dominion of the Ecuadorian territory, generating with this an Independent State. -
ARGENTINA: The first bank of Argentina
On September 6th the first bank of Argentina and Hispanic America was created, and thanks to the community of neighbors that created the bank, the first Argentinian dollar was printed. -
(BRAZIL)Ypiranga's Cry (Grito de Ypiranga)
Proclaimed by the crown prince Don Pedro I. This event proclaimed the independence of Brazil from Portugal. -
Chile- Constitución Moralista
In 1823 the Constitution was created, this divided the country in the Liberals and Conservatives -
End of the process.
O'Higgins resigns from power and thus ends the independence process. -
José de Canterac
the independence defeated the royalist forces, led by General José de Canterac, in Junín. -
(BRAZIL) 1824 Constitution
It was granted by the emperor of Brazil Don Pedro I after dissolving the constituent assembly. This constitution gave disproportionate power to the emperor. -
Bolivia’s independence day
Bolivia declared its independence from Spain. -
Chile- Constitución Liberal
In 1828 the Liberal Constitution was created, changing a lot of things for the new free country, including freedom of worship, and becoming a popular representative republic. -
Citizenship
Closing of the authoritarian political period as well as the political-electoral systems and electoral practices of the period. -
Abdication of Pedro the First of Brazil
Pedro abdicated the throne of Brazil in favor of his five-year-old son, Prince Pedro de Alcantara. -
Disolution of the big Colombia
This dissolution includes the division of the republic known as Gran Colombia, which was made up of the territories of the current territories of: Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador and Peru.
The big Colombia was created during the "Congress of Angostura" in 1819. The final dissolution occurred in 1831, due to political differences between centralists and federalists, in addition to the economic conflicts that Gran Colombia was going through at that time. -
BOLIVIA: Universidad Mayor de San Simón
It was one of the first institutions founded exclusively by Bolivians and it started as a law and medicine school. -
ECUADOR: Cauca War
It was a war between Ecuador and New Granada in which the territories of Pasto, Buenaventura, Popayán and Cauca were disputed. Ecuador was again defeated. -
MÉXICO INDEPENDENCIA DE TEXAS
TEXAS LOGRA SU INDEPENDENCIA DE MÉXICO, POSTERIORMENTE SE INTEGRARÁ A LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS -
PERU AND BOLIVIA: End of the War against the Peru-Bolivian Confederation
This war was started by Chile in 1836 because of its rivalry against the Confederation, the end of the war created Peru and Bolivia as separate countries -
Constitution of 1830
Proclaimed by the leader of the conservative party José Antonio Páez. In this constitution political, economical and social stability were going to be reached through a liberal legal frame were the main goal. It established the indirect elections; prohibition of torture and arbitrary arrests and the elimination of political benefits for rich people. Women and slaves were totally excluded from most of the new constitutional rights. This constitution lasted until 1857. -
MÉXICO GUERRA CONTRA ESTADOS UNIDOS
COMO CONSECUENCIA DE ESTA GUERRA MÉXICO VENDE LA MITAD DE SU TERRITORIO AL NORTE -
MÉXICO DELIMITACIÓN TERRITORIAL
DELIMITACIÓN TERRITORIAL POSTERIOR A LA GUERRA CON ESTADOS UNIDOS -
ARGENTINA: Creation of the National Constitution of Argentina
In 1953 the Congress drafted a Democratic and Federalist Constitution, which is considered the beginning of Argentina; for years it was called the Argentine Confederation. It is the current constitution that governs the country, today it is 168 years old. -
Benemérita Sociedad Fundadores de la Independencia
After the Independance, Perú founded this society in order to help financially the militars who fighted in the war. It was one of the first peruan instituitions. -
MÉXICO INVASIÓN FRANCESA
LOS FRANCESES INVADEN MÉXICO, SE SUCITA LA BATALLA DE PUEBLA CON EL TRIUNFO DEL EJÉRCITO MEXICANO -
MÉXICO IMPERIO DE MAXIMILIANO
SE INSTAURA EL IMPERIO DE MAXIMILIANO QUE DURA TRES AÑOS, EL PRESIDENTE JUÁREZ Y SUS PATRIOTAS, NO SE DESANIMABA Y LUCHÓ HASTA LA VICTORIA -
MÉXICO TRIUNFO DE LA REPÚBLICA
EL PRESIDENTE JUÁREZ TRIUNFA SOBRE EL IMPERIO, SE RESTAURA LA REPÚBLICA -
Treaty of Ayacucho (Brazil-Bolivia)
Agreement between Brazil and Bolivia signed in 1867 reaffirming Brazil's dominion over the Amazon rainforest -
ARGENTINA: Conquest of the desert
It was a military campaign to exterminate the native peoples and extend their territory over the patagonia, all that territory obtained was called national territory and not provinces -
War of the Pacific (1879-1883)
Conflict involving Chile, Bolivia, and Peru, which resulted in Chilean annexation of valuable disputed territory on the Pacific coast. It grew out of a dispute between Chile and Bolivia over control of a part of the Atacama Desert that lies between the 23rd and 26th parallels on the Pacific coast of South America. The territory contained valuable mineral resources, particularly sodium nitrate. -
ECUADOR: Herrera Garcia Treaty
Ecuador, seeking to delimit its borders in a peaceful manner, decides to cede part of its territory to Colombia to obtain, in exchange, 300,000 km2 of Amazonian land. Due to disagreements between the congresses of Ecuador and Peru, the Herrera Garcia Treaty was declared null and void and only more territory was lost. -
Treaty of Peace
Chile consolidated its limit in the Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Commerce with Bolivia -
Creation of the Nationalist Party of Chile
Its creation had a great influence on the drafting of the 1925 Constitution. -
Muñoz Vernaza Suarez Treaty
After another border conflict with Colombia, this treaty put an end to the same. Ecuador loses the territories of Caquetá, Putumayo and part of the Napo, 191,000 km2. -
ARGENTINA: Creation of the University of Buenos Aires
The University of Buenos Aires was founded after a series of unsuccessful attempts, initiated in the City in 1778 by Viceroy Juan José Vértiz. The University of Buenos Aires was born as a modern and secular institution, steeped in Enlightenment progressivism. -
The Commissariat
The first institution created in Chile was the General Subsistence and Prices Commissariat, to deal with consumer matters. -
BOLIVIA: The Chaco War (1932-1935)
The Chaco War was the conflict between Paraguay and Bolivia fought between September 9, 1932 and June 12, 1935 for control of the Boreal Chaco. It was the most important war in South America during the 20th century. -
ARGENTINA: Provincialization of national territories
In 1950 they began to provincialize the territories obtained by the Conquita del Desierto, which were called national territories, the last to provincialize was the territory called Tierra de Fuego in 1991 -
Supply Superintendency and DIRINCO
The Superintendency of Supply and Prices (SAP) was created, which was in turn replaced in 1960 by the Directorate of Industry and Commerce (Dirinco). -
ECUADOR: Fake Paquisha Conflict (Paquisha War
After the annulment of the Rio de Janeiro Protocol. Ecuador and Peru enter into a new territorial conflict. The territories of Paquisha, Mayaicu and Machinaza were disputed. Peru discovers and destroys Ecuadorian military installations and takes over the territory in conflict. Ecuador loses sovereignty over these territories. -
Peace and Friendship Treaty
Pope John Paul II had to intercede to avoid a warlike confrontation between Chile and Argentina. -
From DIRINCO to SERNAC
SERNAC was created to replace this institution. -
ECUADOR: Cenepa War (Final conflict)
Conflict that Ecuador finally won in the jungle against Peru, but unfortunately this result was lost at the negotiation table in the following years. -
Central American Integration System
The Central American Integration System (SICA) is the framework for the integration of the Central American region -
SICA (Central America)
The start of the process was approved in December 2012 and was endorsed by the general assembly of the United Nations