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Jan 4, 1528
Charles 5 ruled Spain, Spain's American colonies, part of Italy, Austria, & the Netherlands
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Aug 24, 1572
Phillip 2 inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, & the American colonies
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Phase 1 of the 30 Years' War, dominated by Hapsburgs (Catholics)
During the first phase the Protestant Bohemians rebelled against the Catholic Hapsburg King Ferdinand following abandonment of policy of religious toleration. The Bohemians invited the Calvinist head of the Protestant League to rule them. Ferdinand II entered into an alliance with Maximilian and sent his imperial forces.
He also procured the support of Spanish troops from his cousin, the Hapsburg king of Spain. In the mean while the Protestants of Bohemia secured the support of Frederick of P -
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Phase 2 of the 30 Years' War, starts with Gustuvus Adolphus (Swenden) beating Hapsburgs in Northern Germany
During the second phase the conflict took place between the Lutheran King of Denmark and Ferdinand II. Alarmed by the success of Ferdinand against Bohemia, the Protestant states of North Germany concluded an alliance with the King of Denmark and declared war. The King of Denmark joined hands with the Protestants because he wanted to gain additional German territory and thwart Hapsburg ambitions.
However, Ferdinand II's forces proved too strong for them. The Danish army was routed Luther and t -
Phase 4 of the 30 Years' War
Wallenstein had been so angry at the Emperor at his dismissal, he turned on the Emperor in hopes of creating his own empire
In response, the Emperor had Wallenstein’s own troops murder Wallenstein
Some of the Protestant Princes jumped ship and joined forces with the Emperor
France couldn’t stand to watch the Habsburg power increase so the French officially entered the war on the side of the Protestants
Neither side possessed the power to knock out the other so the fighting dragged on until 1643 -
Phase 3 of the 30 Years' War/Swedish War
The Catholic victories alarmed Protestants almost everywhere. The victories of the emperor endangered the independence of the German princes, while the French Bourbons were concerned about the growth of Hapsburg power.
The newProtestant leader became King Gustavus Adolphus (r. 1611-1632) of Sweden. In the summer of 1630, the Swedes moved into Germany. Later in the year, France and Sweden signed an alliance, and France entered the war against the Hapsburgs.
The Thirty Years' War had begun prima -
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Parliament asks James's daughter Mary & her husband William of Orange to overthrow Jame 2
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