-
Official Languages Act
This act produced the identity of francophone minorities by granting them the privilege to work and get services from the national government in the two languages. Website:
Laurendeau, Paul. "Official Languages Act (1969)". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 05 March2018,HistoricaCanada.https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/official-languages-act-1969 Photo:
Batansky,Walt. “Don’t Sign That Estoppel Until You Read This .” AVOCAT Group, 19 Mar. 2017, avocatgroup.com/dont-sign-estoppel-read -
FLQ Crisis
The FLQ were political activists that kidnapped the British trade commissioner, James Cross, and killed the minister of Labour Pierre Laporte. This crisis invoked the war measures act. Web:
Smith, Denis. "October Crisis". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 04 March 2015, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/october-crisis. Photo:
Watson, Frank. “Front De Libération Du Québec.” Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_de_lib%C3%A9ration_du_Qu%C3%A9bec. -
Abolition of Capital Punishment
The Canadian government has executed over 700 people under the death penalty. Since 1976, Canada has abolished the death penalty due to it being unethical. Photo and Website: Munroe, Susan. “How Capital Punishment Was Abolished in Canada.” Thoughtco., Dotdash, 8 Mar. 2017, www.thoughtco.com/history-of-capital-punishment-in-canada-508141. -
Bill 101
Charter of the French Language, established French as the official language of government and the courts in Québec.
It was also made the standard language of the workplace, businesses and schools Web: Kelly, Amanda. “Fact File: What Is Bill 101?” Global News, Global News, 28 Mar. 2014, globalnews.ca/news/1237519/fact-file-what-is-bill-101/.
Photo: Grimshaw, Bill. “Speaking out: Quebec's Debate over Language Laws.” CBC News, 22 Oct. 2009, Canada/speaking-out-Quebec-s-debate-over-language-laws-1 -
'O Canada'
'O Canada" was officially chosen as Canada’s national anthem under the National Anthem Act. Website:
Kallmann, Helmut and Gilles Potvin. "O Canada”. The Canadian Encyclopedia, 04 December 2018, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/o-canada. Photo:
Bramwell, Darrell. “Keep Canada National Anthem in the Original Version.” Change.org, Jan. 2018, www.change.org/p/justin-trudeau-keep-canada-national-anthem-in-the-original-version. -
National Energy Program
National Energy Program. The government tried to increase their power over the Canadian oil industry, protect Canadian oil quantities, and redistribute Alberta's oil riches to the rest of Canada. Website: Nicholson, Norman L.,“Canada.” Encyclopædia Britannica.Inc., 22 Jan. 2019, www.britannica.com/place/Canada/Second-premiership#ref477808. Photo: “Alberta and the National Energy Program.” CBCnews, CBC/Radio Canada, www.cbc.ca/alberta/features/tories40/nep.html. -
Constitution Act
The Constitution Act placed the Charter of Rights and Freedom into it. It helped build a less discriminating society while keeping the civil rights of all Canadians. Website: Azzi, Stephen. "Constitution Act, 1982". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 21 March 2018, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/constitution-act-1982. Photo: Bateman, Tom. VoegelinView, 13 June 2018, voegelinview.com/charter-revolution-efficient-part-canadas-constitution/. -
The Oka Crisis
The Oka Crisis was a 78-day standoff from July 11 – September 26, between Mohawk protesters, police, and army. It was a land dispute between a group of Mohawk people and the town of Oka, Quebec, Canada. Website and Photo: Marshall, Tabitha. "Oka Crisis". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 21 March 2018, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/oka-crisis. Accessed 23 January 2019. -
RCMP Permits Turbans
Baltej Singh Dhillon became the first person from the RCMP allowed to wear a turban rather than the Mounties' standard cap. Uniform standards set off a national discussion about religious accommodation in Canada. Web: Baltej Dhillon Case.The Canadian Encyclopedia, 15 March 2018, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/baltej-dhillon-case.
Photo: The Kalgidhar Society, 17 May 2017, barusahib.org/general/the-faith-that-challenged-the-rcmp-won-baltej-singh-dhillion/. -
Quebec Referendum
The Quebec referendum was a vote to whether Quebec should stay with Canada or be independent. The "No" side won by a narrow majority of 50.58 percent. Website: Gall, Gerald."Québec Referendum (1995)". The Canadian Encyclopedia, 10 March 2016, Historica Canada. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quebec-referendum-1995. Photo: Kelly, Tim, 22 June 2017, www.yorkregion.com/community-story/7040009-canadian-crisis-quebec-referendum-of-1995-decided-by-razor-thin-margin-for-canada/. -
Residential Schools Apology
PM Stephen Harper offered an apology to Aboriginal people in Canada for the abuse of government-authorized residential schools. Website and Photo: Parrott, Zach.The Canadian Encyclopedia, 01 December 2016,
https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/government-apology-to-former-students-of-indian-residential-schools. Accessed -
Cannabis Legalization
Canada legalized recreational marijuana in late 2018. It became the first country in North America to fully legalize it. It can now be bought online and is enjoyed by millions. Photo: Balmart, Jessie. “Ohio's Medical Weed Program: Questions and Answers.” Google Search, Cincinnati, 7 Feb. 2018, www.google.ca/amp/s/amp.cincinnati.com/amp/1045579001.
