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160 BCE
Galen of Pergamon describes the human body
Galen of Pergamon was a scientist who studies physiology, and was a famous surgeon in the Roman Empire. He is famous for his performance on Barbary apes. (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Galen-of-Pergamum) -
Lamarck Developes hypothesis of evolution by means of Acquired characteristics
Lamarck is mostly known for his hypothesis on Evolution. He was able to propose a full theory on natural evolution in 1801.(http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_09) -
The Voyage of the HMS Beagle
A famous scientist used a ship named the HMS Beagle on his voyage around the world for science research. The scientist name was Charles Darwin. (https://www.aboutdarwin.com/voyage/voyage03.html) -
Alfred Russel Wallace published ideas of Evolutionary Process
Alfred Russel worked very close with Charles Darwin in his days, and because of him we have lots of knowledge about evolution. His ideas were published in 1858. http://wallacefund.info/content/biography-wallace -
Louis Pasteur refutes spontaneous generation
This experiment conducted by Louis Pasteur was to test sterlie nutrient broth , and to see if it could produce life. (https://www.boundless.com/microbiology/textbooks/boundless-microbiology-textbook/introduction-to-microbiology-1/introduction-to-microbiology-18/pasteur-and-spontaneous-generation-205-5188/) -
The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection is published
This famous book was written by the famous Charles Darwin on Evolution and was a powerful influential book at its time. This book is based on scientific studies and it i on evolution. (http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/origin-of-species-is-published) -
The Germ Theory of Disease is published
This famous theory of germs done by Louis Pasteur says that diseases and infections were caused by small bacteria and viruses. (https://bigpictureeducation.com/history-germ-theory) -
Gregor Mendel published works on inheritance of traits in pea plants
Gregor Mendel is mostly famous for this experiment on peas. This experiments opened many door for scientific studies and let us know more about inheritance. (http://www.biography.com/people/gregor-mendel-39282) -
Hardy and Weinberg independently developed the Hardy-Weinberg equation for determining
Godfrey Hardey and Wilhem Weinberg were able to come up with an equation that solves genetic variation of population at equilibrium. (http://anthro.palomar.edu/synthetic/synth_2.htm) -
Neils Bohr develops the Bohr Model of atoms structure
Neils Bohr found a way to demonstrate the balance in atoms that include protons, neutrons, electrons and shells. -
T. Hunt Morgan Discovers sex-linkage
T. Hunt discovered the linkage in sex, through his discovery he was able to discover the mechanisms of Mendelian Heredity.(https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/thomas-hunt-morgan-and-sex-linkage-452) -
Fredrick Grifith describes the process of transformation
Fredrick Griffith designed an experiment and mixed heat-killed S with live R and injected the combination into mice: the mouse died. He realized that some bacteria in S bacteria was the killer.https://explorable.com/transforming-principle -
Theodosius Dobzhansky publishes Genetics and the Origin of Species
Theodosius learned alot of what he knew from Charles Darwin and published his own book based on his studies and influences by Charles Darwin called "Genetics and the Origin of Species."(http://www.pnas.org/content/94/15/7691.full) -
Beadle and Tatum publish the 1 gene-1 enzyme hypothesis
Scientist Beadle and Tatum discovered that each gene directly produces a single enzyme.(https://embryo.asu.edu/pages/george-w-beadles-one-gene-one-enzyme-hypothesis) -
Ernst Mayr develops the Biological Species Concept
Ernst wrote the book "Systematic and the Origin of Species" based on what Charles Dawrin said in his book. -
Jacques Costeau developes SCUBA
This french explorer is known as the "Father of Scube" becuase of his famous creation he created in 1943. Jacques creation was the first to allow humans to see and breathe under water. He named if "Aqua-Lung" -
Avery MacLoed and McCarty determine that DNA is the molecule that carries the genetic code
These 3 scientist discovered that our genetic code is what makes us who we are in our physical appearance. http://www.yourgenome.org/stories/revealing-dna-as-the-molecule-of-life -
Barbara McClintock describes transposon
This female scientist discovered that the genes in our body are responsible for our physical traits. http://www.pnas.org/content/109/50/20198.full -
Rosalind Franklin works with DNA and X-Ray crystallography and developes "Image 51"
This British scientist discovered that DNA was a double helix shape, due to a microscopic picture taken with the famous nickname "Image 51".http://www.insight.mrc.ac.uk/2013/04/25/behind-the-picture-photo-51/ -
Hershey Chase - Experiments are published
Hershey and Martha Chase are the scientist who performed this experiments. This experiment involved a DNA virus called T2. This experiment demonstrated how viruses affect bacterium. -
Miller-Urey Experiments are published
This experiment was done by biochemist Stanley Miller and Harold Urey, this experiment tested if life can be made through chemical reactions. -
Watson and Crick propose the double helix model of DNA structure
James Watson and Francis Crick were the two brilliant scientist who discovered that DNA was a double helix shape. Doing this made a huge impact in molecular science. https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/discovery-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397 -
Meselson and Stahl work with DNA replication
Melson and Stahl were two scientist that discovered that DNA replication used two old strands and two new strands. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/dna-as-the-genetic-material/dna-replication/a/mode-of-dna-replication-meselson-stahl-experiment -
Nirenberg cracks the genetic code
Nirenberg made a great discovery in science by discovering the properties of DNA. He found out that DNA used ATGC and RNA used AUGC.http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/resources/timeline/1961_Nirenberg.php -
Endosymbiosis is described byLynn Margulis
Lynn Margulis was the scientist who wrote the first article on endosymbiotic theory back in 1967, and talked about cellular evolution through out time. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/history_24 -
Theodosius Dobzhansky publishes "Nothing in Science Makes Sense Expect in the Light of Evolution."
This book was written by this scientist and evolutionist and had a lot of influence in the 1900s. He published this book in 1973. http://darwinian-medicine.com/nothing-in-science-makes-sense-except-in-the-light-of-evolution/ -
Australopithecus Afarensis is discovered
This fossil was discovered in 1974, and this species is believed to have lived for 900,000 years between 2.95 and 3.85 million years ago. This fossil was nicknamed "Lucy". -
Spliceosomes were discovered and described
THis discovery took place in 1977 and spliceosomes were also nicknamed "Split genes". http://cen.acs.org/articles/93/i39/Uncovering-Spliceosomes-Secrets.html -
The Sanger Technique is developed
Frederick Sanger created a DNA sequencing technique that helped determine the bases of DNA strands. AKA "Chain termination". https://unlockinglifescode.org/timeline/11 -
Deep sea hydrothermal vents and associated life around them are discovered.
This experiment had to due with the dramatic water temperature changes in the galapagos. They made many discoveries and found out that the toxic minerals, vents, and sunlight and other factors all played an important role. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/deep-sea-hydrothermal-vents/ -
Kary Mullis develops Polymerase Chain Reaction
Kary Mullis was able to show us by using a pair of primers that DNA sequence can be "copied and pasted" to different parts using DNA polymerase. https://www.karymullis.com/pcr.shtml -
Tommie Lee Andrews is convicted of rape
This case is very important because Tommie was the first person convicted, and being found guilty due to DNA evidence. http://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/06/us/rapist-convicted-on-dna-match.html -
Richard L Bible is executed
Richards case is us a special case because he was found guilty for molesting a 9 year old, but the crazy thing about this case is that he was found guilty because of a hair sample. http://www.clarkprosecutor.org/html/death/US/bible1259.htm -
The Innocence project is founded
The innocence project was a project that helped save people from going to jail because DNA evidence could show if a criminal was involved in the crime or not. https://www.innocenceproject.org/about/ -
CRISPr/CAS 9 is identified and described
This tool was and is used to fix DNA by adding and removing different parts of DNA in different sections. http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-crispr-cas9 -
Dolly the Sheep is cloned
This is the first animal that was cloned with nuclear transfer. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4882362/ -
Sahelanthropus Tchadensis Fossil is Discovered
This fossil is believed to have lived 6-7 billion years ago. This is the oldest human species that we know of as today. -
Human Genome is Fully Sequenced
On this date the exact order of the base pairs inside a DNA segment was discovered, in which 50,000,000 pairs to 300,000,000 ordered base pairs were found. https://www.genome.gov/11006943/human-genome-project-completion-frequently-asked-questions/ -
Homo Denisova fossil is discovered
This fossil was found in Siberia, Russia and this fossil tells us that this species lived at least 50,000 years ago. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/denisova.html
