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Termination
Under House Concurrent Resolution 108, the trust relationship with many Indian tribes was terminated. Terminated tribes were then open to state laws and their lands were sold to non-Indians. Eventually, Congress terminated over 100 tribes, most were small and consisted of a few hundred Indians. The Menominee of Wisconsin and the Klamath of Oregon were exceptions with 3,270 and 2,133 members respectively. -
Relocation
In order to deal with increasing unemployment among American Indians, the BIA enacted a new policy to persuade large numbers of Indians to relocate into urban areas. Using the attraction of job training and housing, brochures depicting Indian families leading a middle-class life were distributed by the BIA. While the initial response was enthusiastic, within five years the relocation program was counted a failure, with 50 percent of the participants returning to their reservations. This w -
Death of Clarence Cross
Cross's car was stoped by goon squad members and was shot to death. And when his brother Vernal refused to leave their car he was wounded, but however survived and identified the assailents. Clarence was shot in the stomach and died. The officers responsible were never charged for the crime. -
American Indian Movement
The begining. The founding of "AIM" by Clyde Bellecourt, Eddie Benton Banai, Dennis Banks, Mary Jane. They formulated this movement while in prison. Primary focus was to restore pride. Also to help Native Americans be succesful in their everday life. To ensure their success and safety outside the reservations they built survival schools. -
Wounded Knee
In 1973, members of the American Indian Movement occupied Wounded Knee for 71 days to protest conditions on the reservation. This was the start of the civil rights movement for Native Americans. They arrived in town at night, in a group of cars and trucks, took the town's residents hostage, and demanded that the U.S. government make good on treaties from the 19th and early 20th centuries. -
Public Law 280
This Congressional law transferred jurisdiction over most tribal lands to state governments in California, Oregon , Nebraska, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Alaska was added in 1958. Additionally, it provided that any other state could assume such jurisdiction by passing a law or amending the state's constitution. -
Nixions Message
Nixon's "Special Message on Indian Affairs" - President Nixon delivered a speech to Congress which denounced past federal policies, formally ended the termination policy, and called for a new era of self-determination for Indian people
