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Election of John F Kennedy
This is the first event in 1960 that re-ignited national interest in the needs of children with disabilities. Kennedy was openly commtted to improvng lfe for people with disablities. He established the Presdent's Commission on Mental Redardation and he supported the use of federal funds to educate teachers of children with disabilities to improve their educaton. -
Saturday Evening Post
Eunice Kennedy wrote an article that told her sister Rosemary's story. Rosemary had intellectual and developmental disabilities. The article also explained their families commitment to the rights of people with disabilities. -
Civil Rights Act
The political and social demands of afrcan americans for equal rghts encouraged families and groups to accomplish the same. This set the stage for advocacy for the civil rights of people with disabilities. -
Special Olympics
Eunice Kennedy began the Special Olympics and her adult children have continued the tradition. -
Normalization
Wolf Wolfensberger introduced the principle of Normalization. Normalization is the philosophy that people with disabilities should have the opportunity to lead life as close to normal as possible and should be able to participate in all aspects of society. This led to a movement known as tdeinstitutionalization. -
Deinstitutionalization
The movement that led to the establishment of many small group homes and other community-based residential facilities in towns and cities. Instead of keeping people with intellectual and developmental disabilities seperate from the rest of the community, this movement pushed to include these individuals and close the instituations that segregrated them. -
Pennsylvania Association for Re-tarded Citizens(PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Required Pennsylvania to provide a free, appropriate public education for students with intellectual disabilities. Prior to this ruling children with intellectual disabilities were not provided an education. -
Mills v. the Washington, D.C., Board of Education
Ruled that all children with disabilities in the District of Columbia will be provided a free, appropriate public education. -
Rehabilitation Act
A civil rights law requiring that institutions not discriminate against people with disabilities in any way if they wish to recieve federal funds. This act has caused many buildings to include ramps, elevators, braille, and other adaptations to make the building more accessible to individuals with disabilities. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act(IDEA)
This act requires that every child between the ages of 3 and 21with a disability be provided a free, appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment. After this was past children with disabilities began to be included in general education classrooms. -
Board of Education of Hendrick Hudson School District v. Rowley
This case brought up the question, what constitutes "appropriate" education. The Rowley family requested a sign language interpreter for their daughter Amy so she could benefit from her general education class. The court ruled that "appropriate" education meant the student would have reasonable education not reach their maximum potential. They denied the family the extra service. -
Irving Independent School District v Tatro
Ruled that if a procedure could be performed by people without medical training and a child needs it to remain in school,it should be considered a related service rather than a medical service and the schools must provide it. -
Honig v. Doe
Ruled that a student recieving special education services cannot be excluded indefinitely from school and from recieving the services specified in the IEP. -
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
George H.W.Bush signed this act declaring the wall of exclusion will finally come down. The ADA is a civil rights legislation for people with disabilities. The ADA covers four major areas: private-sector employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications. -
Garret F.
This ruling ensures that any and all services necessary for a student with complex health-care needs are covered by IDEA, as long as a physician does not provide the services.
