-
Period: Jan 1, 1394 to Jan 1, 1547
Period of Exploration
Henry the Navigator (Portugal) - Mar 4, 1394-Nov 13, 1460
Christopher Columbus (Italy, funded by Spain) - Oct 31, 1451-May 20, 1506
Hernán Cortés (Spain) - 1485-Dec 2, 1547
Francisco Pizarro (Spain) - 1471-Jun 26 1541
Ferdinand Magellan (Portugal) - 1480-Apr 27, 1521
Vasco da Gama (Portugal) - 1460-Dec 24 1524 -
Period: Feb 14, 1483 to Dec 26, 1530
Babur
Emperor who started the Indian Mughal Empire. Allowed religious freedom. -
Jan 1, 1492
Start of Columbian Exchange
Global exchange between Old and New Worlds, trading plants, food, animals, people, resources, diseases, etc. Started with Columbus' voyage. -
Period: Jan 1, 1501 to
Safavid Empire
Made the greatest Iranian empire since the Islamic conquest of Persia. Established the Shiite sect of Islam as their official religion. -
Period: Jan 1, 1517 to
Protestant Reformation
European Christian reform movement. Protesters objected to the structure of the Catholic church. -
Period: Jan 1, 1526 to
Mughal Empire
Islamic empire established in India after the defeat of the Delhi Sultanate. Unified much of the subcontinent and established a strong, centralized government. Golden age for Islamic art and architecture. -
Period: Jan 1, 1543 to
Scientific Revolution
A period during which scientists begin to challenge classical ideas. Emphasizes the growing secularization of European society. -
Period: Jan 1, 1550 to
Triangle Trade
The period in which trade occurred between three regions: Africa sent slaves to the Americas, which sent raw materials to Europe, which sent manufactured goods to both places. -
Period: Oct 6, 1552 to
Matteo Ricci
A Jesuit scholar from Europe who journeyed to the Ming court. Served as a representative of Western efforts to bring Christianity to the East. He also was an example of missionaries' hopes to win the approval of Chinese emperors. The Ming were okay with it, but missionaries generally didn't get that many converts. -
Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Galileo Galilee
Mathematician and astronomer who constructed a telescope and found evidence of the heliocentric theory. Put on trial by the Catholic Church. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
Feudal regime in Japan, also called Edo period. Time when social hierarchy was at its most rigid. The introduction of Christianity and firearms to Japan prompted shoguns, fearful for a loss of their status, severely restricted foreign trade. -
Period: to
Creation of Colonies in the New World
European countries sent over settlers to form colonies in the land they'd just discovered. Most of the American colonies were British. -
Period: to
Thirty Years' War
A war caused by the Holy Roman Emperor trying to force his subjects to return to Roman Catholicism. Peace of Westphalia left HRE weakened. -
Period: to
Enlightenment
A period during which European philosophers applied the principles of reason and nature to government and human behavior. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
Manchu rule of China (following the Ming) in which Confucian beliefs were applied to governing the country. Ruled by a highly centralized system of scholar-bureaucrats. Responsible for expansion of the empire and increased foreign trade. -
Period: to
Peter the Great
Russian czar who centralized his authority and brought Western ideas to the Russian Empire in an attempt to modernize the country. Modernized the army and navy. -
Period: to
Catherine the Great
Russian ruler who continued Peter the Great's policy of modernization while ensuring the absolute authority of the monarch. Continued to expand empire. Gained access to a warm-water port. Tolerant of different religions. -
Period: to
French-Indian War
Refers to the part of the Seven Years' War that was fought in the United States and Canada. Costs of the war drove Britain to raise taxes in its colonies. -
Period: to
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
Louis XVI- 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793
Marie Antoinette- 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793 King and Queen of France during the French Revolution. Their steadily declining favor with the middle class led to their eventual beheading. -
Period: to
Napoleon
A general in the French army who gained control of France in a coup d'etat. His reforms brought stability to a chaotic country caught in revolution. Conquered much of Europe, until his enemies, led by the British, forced him into exile. -
Period: to
American Revolution
War between Britain and its American colonies, resulting in the United States becoming its own nation. Greatly influenced subsequent revolutions around the world, most notably the French and Haitian Revolutions. -
Period: to
French Revolution
War that essentially raised hell in France for a good 10 years. The middle class was angry about lack of representation in the government and revolted. They were especially fond of the guillotine as a method of resolving conflicts. -
Storming of the Bastille
One of the events that triggered the French Revolution as we know it. The Bastille was an armory and a jailhouse, and the French people's attack of it symbolized their resistance to the old regime. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Document written by the National Assembly which identified the natural rights of citizens, and stated the equality of all men and the belief that sovereignty belonged to the people. Greatly influenced by the American Declaration of Independence. -
Period: to
Haitian Revolution
Period of conflict in the French colony, Saint-Domingue. The first successful slave rebellion, it resulted in the elimination of slavery in the region and Haiti becoming its own republic. -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna
A meeting attended by representatives of the nations that hd defeated Napoleon Bonaparte. Their goal was to restore Europe to the way it had been before the French Revolution, and to reestablish boundaries and a balance of power that would prevent any one country from gaining too much power. -
Waterloo
The final defeat of Napoleon and French forces in the Napoleonic Wars. France was against Britain and Prussia. A few weeks after he lost, Napoleon was captured and sent into exile.