-
May 21, 1527
King Philip of Spain was born
His mother was Isabella of Portugal, and his father was Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire. He was born in the Pimentel Palace, Valladolid, Spain. -
Feb 13, 1543
Philip was married to Maria of Portugal
Maria Manuela Princes of Portugal was Philip's cousin. Philip married Maria and had one child, Carlos, Prince of Asturias. Maria later died of a hemorrhage from child birth on July 12, 1545. His first son Carlos was the successor to the throne. However, he suffered from deformity and was imprisoned in his room in 1568. Carlos later died six months after imprisonment by his father. -
Jul 25, 1554
Phillip was married to Queen Mary I of England
Philip's new connection to the royal family in England gave Philip more reasons behind his attacks on England. Both people strongly believed in the Catholic faith. From the new relationship between Philip and Mary, Philip became the King of England for however long he and Mary were together. This new temporary title and position added to Philip's power and impact on the world. -
Jan 16, 1556
Philip was crowned king of Spain
After the death of his father, Charles V, abdicated to retire to a monastery Philip was crowned king. Philip II had already received Naples, the Netherlands, Sicily, and Milan from his father. With this new power as king, Philip ruled with absolutist ideas. Philip II used his postition to attack foreign countries and set up treaties as well. -
Aug 27, 1557
Spain's bankruptcies
Spain experienced many bankruptcies. The first was due to inflation and a high tax burden for Spanish manufacturers and merchants. The rising costs for the military from wars also added to the bankruptcy. Philip became very dependent on loans from foreign bankers, mainly in Genoa and Augsburg. By the end of his reign, interest payments on loans accounted for 40% of state revenue. Other bankruptcies occurred from the debts from wars and battles.The bankruptcies added to the decline of Spain. -
1559
The signing of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis
Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésisin 1559, occurred at Le Cateau, France, by representatives of Henry II of France, Philip II of Spain, and Elizabeth I of England.This treaty ended the 60-year conflicts between the arguing countries of France and Spain, which began with the Italian Wars. The terms of the treaty were beneficial for Spain. Elizabeth of Valois, the daughter of Henry II of France was given to Philip II of Spain. This added to Philip's political connections and power. -
Period: 1566 to
The Dutch Revolt
This revolt took place in the Netherlands and it lasted from 1566 to the end of his reign. It was the successful revolt of the northern, largely Protestant Low Countries against the rule of the hereditary ruler of the provinces, Roman Catholic King Philip II of Spain. Philip II sent the Spanish army to put down the Protestant uprising in the Netherlands. This failure by Philip II causes Spain to lose money and power, quickening the overall decline of Spain -
1569
King Philip II forms an inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition was established as a court for the detection of heretics, although its exact purpose remains somewhat obscure. While most historians point to a combination of political, economic and religious motives, the latter was undoubtedly predominant. Philip ordered the killing and banishing of all who did not conform to the Catholic religion. -
1571
Battle of Lepanto
The Battle of Lepanto was between Spanish and the Turkish. John of Austria was the commander of Spain, opposing the Ottoman fleet under Uluç Ali Pasha.The battle won by the Spanish, The battle marked the first significant victory for a Christian naval force over a Turkish fleet and the climax of the age of galley warfare in the Mediterranean. -
Apr 14, 1578
Philip III was born
Philip's fourth marriage was to his niece Anna of Austria, the daughter of Emperor Maximilian II, in 1570, who bore him an heir, Philip III in 1578. Phillip later became King after his father. Philip III of Spain came to accomplish much in his rule after the death of his father. Similar to King Philip II, Philip III later became King of Portugal, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia and Duke of Milan. -
The building of El Escorial
The El Escorial is one of the most important architectural monuments of the Spanish Renaissance. Philip II wanted a building that would serve a multitude of purposes. It contains a massive library, The El Escorial is located in Madrid, Spain. The architect was Juan Bautista de Toledo and even El Greco painted works for the El Escorial. The El Escorial is one of the most well known Spanish monuments that promoted the arts during the Golden Age of Spain. -
Spain decides to invade England
Philip II of Spain invaded England with reasons to convert England, which was Protestant, to Catholicism and also for revenge for Mary I, his wife at the time. 134 ships from Spain set sail to attack England, which failed. Spain lost to the most strategic English and also from storm interference. From this battle, the English became acknowledged for having a powerful naval force. This loss made Spain lose many resources, money, and people. This failure of Philip II added to Spain's decline. -
King Philip died in Madrid, Spain.
King Philip II died in 1598 from cancer at the age of 71.
