History of Forensics

  • Blood Groups

    pictureKarl Landsteiner is awarded a Nobel Prize for his work. He continued to work on the detection of blood, its species, and its different types.
  • Spectrograph

    Spectrograph
    videopicture J.J. Thomson builds the first spectrometer which later becomes known as the hyperbola spectrograph.
  • FingerPrint

    Edmond Locard suggests 12 matching points to help with positive identification with fingerprints.
  • Weapons

    Charles E. Waite was the first one to catalog manufacturing data about weapons.
  • Sacco & Vanzetti

    Sacco & Vanzetti
    pictureThe case that took place in Bridgewater, Massachusetts is now responsible for popularizing the use of the comparison microscope for bullet comparison.
  • FBI

    FBI
    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)The Federal Bureau of Investgigation crime laboratory is created.
  • Paper

    Franz Josef Holzer publishes the first paper addressing the useful of secretor status for forensic applications.
  • Acid Test

    Acid Test
    picture Working at the Legal Medicine Unit at the University of Copenhagen develops the acid phosphatase test for semen.
  • DNA

    DNA
    pictureJames Watson and Francus Crick publish the landmark for identifying the structure of DNA
  • Death

    Marshall and co-workers write a series of papers on determination of time since death from postmortem cooling.
  • ESD

    ESD
    pictureHopkinson and colleagues first identify the polymorphic nature of esterase D.
  • PCR

    Kerry Mullis descovers Polymerase Chain Reaction method of replicating particular regions of a DNA molecule.
  • IBIS

    Walsh Automation Inc., in Montreal, launches development of an automated imaging system called the Integrated Ballistics Identification System.
  • DNA

    The world's first national DNA database commences operations in the UK on April 10, 1995.
  • IAFIS

    IAFIS
    pictureThe FBI upgrades its computerized fingerprint databse and implements allowing paperless submission, storage, and search capabilities directly top the national database maintained at the FBI.