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Developments in the iron industry
Iron IndustryDevelopments in the iron industry also played a central role in the Industrial Revolution. In the early 18th century, Englishman Abraham Darby discovered a cheaper, easier method to produce cast iron, using a coke-fueled furnace. In the 1850s, British engineer Henry Bessemer developed the first inexpensive process for mass-producing steel. Both iron and steel became essential materials, used to make everything from appliances, tools and machines, to ships, buildings and infrastructure. -
The "Flying shuttle"
flying shuttle
John Kay, a mechanic from Lancashire, patented the flying shuttle. Using cords attached to a picking peg, a single weaver, using one hand, could operate the shuttle on the loom. With this invention it took four spinners to keep up with one cotton loom, and ten people to prepare yarn for one weaver. So while spinners were often busy, weavers often waited for yarn. The flying shuttle doubled as a weavers production of cloth. -
Transportation in England
TransportationTransportation of materials and finished products to factories in Europe was limited because of the costs where they had to go by road. Canals brought the first change in transportation; they were built directly into the major cities and that of course provided an easier way of trading and transportation. Rivers were also improved; they were implemented with secure bridges for people to cross over. The Iron Bridge built in 1779, was one of the first reliable crossings of the river in the countr -
Cotton
cotton
Technology, arguably the greatest aspect of the Industrial Revolution, can be simplified into a few different innovations and inventors, most inspired by one product. The first product to undergo the "revolution" from the cottage industry to the mechanized age was cotton. Britain, at the time, had a large wool trade. In 1760, the amount of wool exported was almost thirty times that of cotton. -
James Watt Steam Engine
James Watt VideoJames Watt invention. James Watt is known for creating the first reliable and effective steam engine machine. He made some significant improvements to the Newcomen steam engine, which was created by Thomas Newcomen in 1715. This improved steam engine was mainly used to pump water out of mines, and it was not olby used in his native Great Britain but in the rest of world too.It was the first engine that perfrom mechanical work in the world. -
The spinning crompton
Spinning Crompton
In 1779, Samuel Crompton combined both the spinning jenny and the water frame to create a machine known as "Crompton's mule," which produced large amounts of fine, strong yarn. With the arrival of these inventions, yarn had effectively become industrialized. By 1812, the cost of making cotton yarn had dropped by nine-tenths and the number of workers needed to turn wool into yarn had been reduced by four-fifths. -
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French Revolution
French RevolutionThe French Revolution was a period in France in which monarchy was overthrown and reconstructing was forced upon the Roman Catholic Church. France was a country with a lot of Debt, people were living in poverty and they were tired of it. Influenced by the industrial revolution in other countries in Europe, especially Great Britain, French citizens wanted a new and better country, that’s why they started the revolution against King Louis XIV and his government. -
The water frame
Water FrameThe water frame video
Richard Arkwright invented the spinning frame that could produce stronger threads for yarns. The first models were powered by waterwheels so the device came to be first known as the water frame. It was the first powered, automatic, and continuous textile machine and enabled the move away from small home manufacturing towards factory production. On December 20, water-powered machinery for spinning and carding cotton was set in motion -
Paper Machine
Paper MachineIn 1798, Louis-Nicolas Robert from France created one of the most significant machines, The Paper Machine. This machine could easily and continuously make paper. The paper machine is known as a ‘Fourdrinier’ after the two investors’ brothers Sealy and Henry Fourdrinier, who lived in London. Although many changes and lots of improvements have been made to the paper machine, the Fourdrinier is still the seed from which all paper machines were created. -
Effects of the Industrial Revolution on Politics
VideoMore men could vote.Before 1832, only 6% of the male population could vote in Europe. Mostly aristocrats who owned large plots of land in the countryside and other property were allowed to vote. By 1832, the middle class factory owners wanted political power to match with what they had found as new economic rise. This mad the Reform Bill in 1832 which gave middle class men the right to vote. Now, 20% of the male population could vote.