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Brown v. Board of Education
This school desegregation case began a conversation about protecting the rights of all groups including those with disabilities (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
Public Law (PL) 88-164
Supported by President John F. Kennedy, this law gave funds to training professionals to work with kids with special needs. It also funded research about intellectual and developmental disabilities and deafness. -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
This case ruled that kids with IDD were included in FAPE (free and appropriate public education) and could not be excluded based on disability. This case "began a series of court decisions in favor of children with exceptionalities and their right to FAPE (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015, 38)." -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (PL 93-112)
This says it is illegal to deny people the chance to participate in activities/programs on the basis of disability. Section 504 "acts as a bridge" between general and special education for students (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015, 36). -
Public Law 94-142: Education for All Handicapped Children Act
This act ensured that all students with special need had the right to a free, appropriate public education that emphasizes special education and support services (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). Kirk, S. A., Gallagher, J. J., & Coleman, M. R. (2015). Educating exceptional children. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. -
Public Law 99-457
The Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments provided federal funds for children and their families from birth (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
Barnett v. Fairfax County Board of Education
A case that ruled a child with a hearing disability was allowed to go to a school several miles form home instead of their zoned school because the school better met the child's needs (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
Greer v. Rome City School District
Because of IDEA's "least restrictive environment," this case ruled for a child with Down syndrome to be placed in a general education classroom to protect inclusion (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1992 (PL 101-336)
This act protects people's civil rights that every person is guaranteed rights regardless of race, gender, religion, etc through the Civil Rights Act of 1964 -
Oberti v. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon School District
This case ruled that is a school district's responsibility to determine if a child's disabilities are so severe or disruptive for the inclusion classroom (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
PL 107-110: No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
This push for accountability and meeting competency standards was difficult for students with disabilities because it was highly reliant on standardized test scores. NCLB set standards for ALL students without differentiation for students with exceptionalities (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
This was the reauthorization of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142). Major changes include the quality of personnel supporting students with special needs, IEP standards, and transition planning (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
Henrico County School Board v. R.T.
In this case a child was given enough money to attend a private school because the public school did not provide appropriate education for the child (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
L.I. v. Maine School Administrative District
This case ruled that a child in Maine with high functioning Asperger's syndrome and depression could have special education services (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
Winkleman v. Parma City School District
This Supreme Court case ruled that parental participating in the special education process is crucial and parents must be made aware of their child's educational planning (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
Drobnicki v. Poway United School District
This case ruled that scheduling an IEP meeting during a time when you know the parents can't attend in person is not allowed (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015). -
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Large federal, one-time funds were given to states under IDEA, and they were "directed to activities such as Child Find (Kirk, Gallagher, & Coleman, 2015)."
