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1000
Discovery of America
Leif Erikson // 1st settled land in America // Newfoundlad, Canada (Vinland) // Traveled in 1000 AD -
1492
Discovery of America
Christopher Colombus // trying to travel from Europe to Asia // 3 boats (Nina, Pinta & Santa Maria) // First city he saw was San Salvador, Bahamas // First Europeans to settle land in America // Enslaved and mistreated Natives // Got the ships from King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain // -
Mayflower Compact
King James I // After the Church of England had been created // Seperatists // Wanted seperation from the Church and religious opportunities // Pilgrims on the ship established laws and orders for the Plymouth colony // only men were allowed to sign // 66 or 67 days -
Manifest Destiny
late 1700's-1800's // First appeared in 1895 // John O'Sullivan coined the term // the belief that America should expand to the West Coast // Consequences: war with Mexico, led to the Civil War -
Revolutionary War (1775-1783)
French & Indian War (54-63) // start of mistrust b/w Colonists & GB // Stamp Act (03.22.1965 // tax of all papers to pay for the F.I.W) // Townshend Act (6.15-7.2.1767 // Pay for British protection) // Boston Massacre (3.5.1770 // Mob --> Massacre b/w colonists & British soldiers) // Boston Tea Party (12.16.1773 // Taxation w/o representation) // Intolerable Acts (Mar-June 1774 // Port Act & Quartering act) // First Continental Congress (09.05.1774 // Passed articles of association) -
Decleration of Independence
Formal statement of the 13 colonies wanting the right to choose thier gov't //declared :July 2, 1776 , signed: July 4, 1776, done: August 2, 1776 // signed at Independence Hall in PA // Main author was Thomas Jefferson // John Adams & Benjamin Franklin were there // T.J : VA delegate, author of first draft & main author // Adoption of the Dec. was July 4, 1776 -
Constitutional Convention
Met in the summer in Philadelphia // used to form a new gov't // Ben Franklin carried in b/c really old, George Washington (beloved President) // replaced the articles of confederation -
Louisiana Purchase
Purchase of 828,000 mi2 from the French // Doubled the size of the Unites States for roughly $15 million // Napoleon Bonaparte (emp. of France) & Thomas Jefferson (Prez @ time) // Started in the mid 1700's when France lost part of their territory to Spain & 1800's France regains their land // Jeffreson sends reps to buy LA or at least be able to use it for trade // May 2 1803 the deal is signed // begins the expansion & exploration of the US -
War of 1812 (1812- 1815)
U.S. was caught between the British and French feud // Br. required licenses for ships heading to Europe // Fr. confiscate cargo from registered U.S. ships // Jefferson: Embargo Act of 1807, no trading with Europe // Invaded Canada // Battled at sea and defeated the Royal Navy // First declared war // Second war of Independence // Treaty of Ghent signed in 12.24.1814 // officially ended 02.18.1815 -
The Star Spangled Banner
Francis Scott Key was sent to negotiate the release of and American prisoner during the War of 1812 // Key watched the Br. bombed Baltimore for close to 25 hours // Key saw the flag flying over Fort McHenry // wrote a poem on the back of a letter he had in his pocket // written 09.12.1814 // become the national anthem 03.03.1931 -
Mexican American War (1846-1848)
Texas belonged to MX until 1836 // 10.02.1835 Pres. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna started a war with Texans // 03.1.1836 Republic of Texas became part of U.S. // 04.25.1846 Mexican Calvary attacked US soldiers in TX // 05.13.1846 Congress declared war on MX // Pres. Santa Ana betrayed Pres. Polk // 02.02.1848 created the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed putting an end to the war // border became Rio Grande river // MX sold CA AZ NV NM UT WY -
Civil War
Began b/c of disagreements about slavery // Lincoln was president [south was upset] // 10 states seceded and became the Confederacy // Lincoln (pres) McClellan & Burnside {both were bad at it} Ulysses Grant {successful} (Union) Jefferson Davis (Gen. in Chief) Robert E Lee & Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson (Confederacy) // Death toll: 620k // April 6, 1855 General Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant -
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln gave the order to all the confederate states to release all slaves // Officially adopted in 1865 -
Progressive Era
1890-1920 // described a time of industrialization // education, jobs & high living standards, lead to social standards (progress towards freedom) // Carnegie (steel) // Muckrakers: journalist who uncovers horrible circumstances -
Spanish-American War
04.25.1898-08.12.1898 // Cuba wanted independence from Spain // Spain didn't want to surrender // US helped Cuba // Battle of Manila Bay (first combat b/w US and Spain) // Teddy & the Rough Riders (diverse group of people who joined to combat against Spain // Treaty of Paris ended the war // Gave over Cuba, Guam & Puerto Rico (bought by the US for 20 mill.) // The war allowed US to increase its power in overseas affairs // USS Maine blowing caused the US to join the war -
WW1
1914-1919 (US entered 1917) // Central [Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria & Ottoman Empire] v. Allied [GB, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan & US] // Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife // Germany surrendered in November 11 of 1918 // Treaty of Versailles with the signing officially ended the war (wasn't officially place until 1919) // Germany had HUGE reparation's that they had to pay after the end of the war -
Women's Suffrage
19th amendment // ratified 1920 // Seneca Falls Convention- First National mvmnt // Stanton & Mott // 1890 NAWSA (National American Women Suffrage Association) -
League of Nations
International org. created after WWI to resolve and prevent disputes and chaos b/w nations // based in Geneva, Switzerland =neutral territory // Three powers of leverage called "sanctions" 1. Talk peacefully 2.Economic sanctions against uncooperative nations 3.Military sanctions with limited results (not effective) // Proposed by Pres.Woodrow WIlson (14 pt. plan for peace w/ Europe) // US was not involved b/c press and senate said "NO!" =International Entanglements // ended @WW2 in 1940 -
Great Depression (1929- Late 1930's)
President Roosevelt responded to the crash in the stock market with the New Deal // 1929 was when the stock market crashed // lasted 10 years -
Black Thursday
16 million shares of stock were quickly sold by nervous investigators that lost their faith in the American economy // started the great depression -
Holocaust (1933-1945)
Mvmnt by Hitler to make perfect Germany & pure Germans // "A final solution" // 400 regulations affecting the Jews by the end of the Holocaust // Targeted groups: Jews, Gypsies, disabled, homosexuals & those with different political beliefs // 6 million Jews died -
World War II (1939-1945 // US 1941)
Nazi Germany invaded Poland using Blitz attacks // Italy, Germany & Japan [Axis] Great Britian, France, Russia, US, China [Allied powers] // Atomic warfare was created by US // US joined after Japan bombed pearl harbor // ended when the US bombed Japan -
Pearl Harbor
American Naval Base in Honolulu, HI // happened @8 am by the Japenese dropping bombs // 2,400 died // Japanese gvt. believed that it was the only way to solve its economic and demographic problems // @8:10 a bomb dropped on a USS Arizona & also destroyed many more ships at the harbor // FDR was president @the time -
Japanese Internment (1942-1945)
John DeWitt filed a report framing Japanese civilians // Pres.Roosevelt issued an executive order (those of Japanese decesent would be housed in isolated camps) // Many went willingly at first 127,000 people relocated // Zones were created in CA AZ WA and OR // Ended with a Habeas Corpus Petition // happened after the bombing of pearl harbor & to prevent espionage // No formal apology until 1988 even though the camps closed in 1946 -
United Nations
Created in 1945 with 50 countries to prevent outbreak of war // made to help with peace and security // General Assembly & Security council // est. after WW2 // 08.1941 Winston Churchilll and Franklin D. Roosevelt secretly met to start the Atlantic Charter // Meet in Washington from 1941-1945 // UN was ratified in October 24, 1945 // -
Cold War (1947-1991)
US and Society Union tension built up// no causalities // US did not agree with communism // NATO alliance (included the US & several EU countries) v. Warsaw Pact (Russia & supporting EU countries)// Truman was president and then Kennedy but ended with Bush & Stalin was the Soviet Leader // Arms race (atom & hydrogen bombs) // Space Race USSR got Sputnik 1957 but US first man 1969// HUAC (McCarthyism & Red Scare &Blacklisting in Hollywood )// Cuban Missile Crisis (Cuba & Turkey) -
Truman Doctorine
Truman (President at the time) // Tensions b/w Soviet Union and US // Britain stopped helping Greece and Turkey // Truman's speech to congress to help Greece and Turkey // Est. new foreign policy program to one of intervention // beginning of the cold war // Winston Churchill gave a speech warning of coming hostilities -
Korean War (1950-1953)
South v. North Korea // Split at the 38th parallel // N. Korea (backed by China & Russia) invaded S.Korea // America got involved bc of the Truman Doctrine to support free people against the spread of communism // turning point: Spetember 15-26 1950 US and S.Korea take back Seoul // Treaty was signed in 2018 -
Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)
Jim Crow Laws // 14th & 15th amendments // Separate but equal (Plessy v. Ferguson) // Rosa Parks (12.1.55) // Brown v. Board (1952-1954) // Civil Rights Act of 1957, Little Rock 9, Woolworths Lunch Encounter, Freedom Riders, March on Washington, Civil Rights act of 1964 & Fair Housing act of 1968 // Civil Rights for RACE, GENDER, SPECIAL NEEDS -
Brown v. Board of Education
started 12.9.1952 & ended 5.17.1954 // 17 states required schools to be segregated // influenced by the Plessy v. Ferguson case // Oliver Brown was the part of the student used to be the name in the case so it would be "the brown v. board" // said that segregation was not constitutional // Eisenhower (president at time) was in support of the case // states close their schools so they was no integration // Linda Brown (9 yr old) going to school & passed the white school to go to "her school" -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Leader of the civil rights movement// Assassinated on April 4 1968 // Leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott appointed by the NAACP // arrested and put in the Birmingham Jail (11 days) wrote letters advocating his position on unjust laws // lead to the March on Washington // "I Have A Dream" speech -
Vietnam War (1955-1975)
Communist N.Vietnam v. S.Vietnam (supported by the US) // 1965- Battle of La Drang (US involvement for the first time) 1968- Tet Offensive (Surprised the ally) & 1975- Fall of Saigon (Capital of S.Vietnam --> lead to consolidation and control of communism in Vietnam) // US troops withdrawn in 1973 & Saigon was captured in 1975 --> lead to communism and N. Vietnam technically winning -
Little Rock Nine
Nine students attending Central High in Little Rock, AK // the governor did not want them and called in the national guard to stop them // President Eisenhower called the Army in to escort them in and into their classes // 9 students chosen by NAACP // school started September 2nd but they didn't go to class until September 29th -
Watergate (1972-1974)
President Nixon hired spies to be on top of the Democrat Party // Term of his presidency 1960-1974 // June 17,1972: Break-in of Democrat Office by "Plumbers" // Mark Felt (FBI) was "deep throat" an informant // "Plumbers" were connected to CREEP (committee to re-elect the president) // August 9,1974 he resigns and Gerald Ford becomes president // Watergate tapes are the tapes from the oval office -
Persian Gulf War (1990-1991)
Iraq v. Kuwait // Saddam Hussien rules Iraq // August 2nd 1990- Iraq sought the rich oil industry from Kuwait // Resolution 611 US gets involved on August 6 // Operation Desert Storm the US helping after UN support & used bombing // ceasefire -
September 11, 2001
Hijackers from Islamic terrorists under control by al Queda lead by Osama bin Laden // Department of Homeland Security in order to prevent terror attacks -
Iraq War (2003-2011)
Known as the second Persian Gulf War // UN found prohibited weapons in Iraq in the 1990's but Iraq wouldn't let the UN into the country // President Bush Jr. asked Sadam Hussen to leave but didn't so the UN called war // Obama pulled the troops out of the war // End of the war was December 18, 2011 // May 1,2011 US killed Bin Laden
