Discoveries in Photosynthesis: A Timeline

By RK17
  • Period: 100 to

    Timespan

  • 300

    B.C., Theophrastus

    Theophrastus proposed that plants obtain nutrition via their roots.
  • 350

    B.C., Aristotle

    Aristotle proposed that plants need food to survive.
  • Jan 1, 1450

    de Cusa

    Nicholas de Cusa experimented with plants, and predicted that plants derive their mass from water, and not soil.
  • Van Helmont

    Jan Baptista Van Helmont conducted experiments which led him to conclude that trees consumed water, not soil.
  • Woodward

    John Woodward declared that plants need nourishment from sources other than water. Also, he declared that soil imparts mass to plants.
  • Hales

    Stephen Hales declared that plants need air to live and he inferred that plants need light for photosynthetic reactions.
  • Priestly

    Joseph Priestly discovered a gas, dubbed "dephlogisticated air" by focusing solar rays on mercuric oxide. This gas was later names "oxygen"
  • Lavoisier

    Antoine Lavoisier gave oxygen gas its name and debunks the phlogiston theory.
  • Ingen-Housz

    Jan Ingen-Housz discovered that plants emitted oxygen gas in light, thereby initializing the concept of photosynthesis.
  • Senebier

    Jean Senebier discovered that plants absorb gaseous carbon dioxide and they simultaneously emit gaseous oxygen.
  • Comparetti

    Comparetti first discovers what are now known as chloplasts in plant tissues.
  • de Saussure

    Nicolas de Saussure conducted experiments that led him to conclude that during photosynthesis, plants absorb gaseous carbon dioxide. (de Saussure, par 5)
  • von Mayer

    Concluded that plants store solar energy and that photosynthesis is the transformation from light energy to chemical energy.
  • Engelmann

    Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann discovered the effect of varying wavelengths of light on photosynthesis, and used this information to create the action spectrum.
  • Arnold, Emerson

    Robert Emerson and William Arnold stated that photosynthesis occurs by hundreds of chloroplasts cooperating with each other.
  • Calvin

    Melvin Calvin traced the path of carbons in photosynthesis, thereby founding the Calvin Cycle
  • Marcus

    Rudolph A. Marcus developed the Marcus Theory, which refers to electron transfer in plants' cells.
  • International Consortium

    A consortium discovers an almost complete genome squence of the Arabidopsis thaliana.
  • Berkeley Lab

    The U.S. Department of Energy's Berkeley Lab managed to turn sunlight into liquid form to replicate photosynthesis. This will reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that natural photosynthesis contributes to.