Communicative competence

Noam Chomsky

1965

Competence: share knowledge of the ideal speaker-listener set in a completely homogeneus speech community. Performance: Process of applying the underlying knowledge to the actual language use.

Dell Hymes

1971

Communicative competence:
Producing and understanding sentences that are appropiate and acceptable to a particular situation. Eight components of linguistic interaction:
SPEAKING

Setting and scene: when and where.
Participants: speaker and audience.
Ends: purposes, goals and outcomes.
Act: sequence.
Key: tone, manner or spirit of the speech.
Instrumentalities: forms and styles of speech.
Norms: social rules governing the event.
Gender: the kind of speech, act or event.

Wilga Rivers

1972

In the "Skills-getting" stage, the student must learn to articulate acceptably and construct comprehensible language sequences and by rapid associations of learned elements.
In the “Skills-using” stage, the learner should be on her own and not supported or directed by the teacher. She may be working one-on-one with another student or with a small group of students.

Michael Halliday

1978

Functions for the exchange of meanings:
-Instrumental: Use of language to achieve something.
-Regulatory: to control the behavior of others.
-Interpersonal: to establish relationships.
-Personal: to express feelings and meanings.
-Heuristics: to learn and describe.
-Imaginative: invites to use language to create.
-Representative: to inform or describe.

Henry Widdowson

1978

-"Use" of language makes evident the extent to which the language user demonstrates this knowledge of linguistic rules.
-"Value" is the meaning that sentences take on when they are used to communicate. He suggests that the selectionof contect should be made according to its potential occurrence as an example of use in communicative acts rather than as an example of usage in terms of linguistic structure and focuses on the interaction of social context , grammar and meaning (social meaning).

Canale & Swain

1980

The study of grammatical competence is as essential to the study of communicative competence as is the study of sociolinguistic competence. Communicative competence minimal include: sociolinguistic, grammatical and strategic competence.
-Grammatical: rules of morphology, syntax, sentence-grammar semantics and phonology.
-Sociolinguistic: rules of use and rules of discourse.
-Strategic: verbal and non verbal communication strategies.

Hans Heinrich Stern

1981

Aspects of language Study and Practice:
Language teaching can and should approach language learning
objectively and analytically through the study and practice of structural, functional, and sociocultural aspects. It should offer opportunities to live the language as a personal experience through direct contact with the target language community.

Bachman & Palmer

1996

Reorganization of Cc:
Organizational Knowledge: how the speech is organize since their minimal units, as a sentence, going through the phrase and finishing in the text. It promise two types of knowledge: Grammatical and Textual.
Pragmatic Knowledge: our capacity to interpret and use properly the social meaning of linguistic functions, from any circumstance, in relationship with the functions and the variety of the language and with cultural suppositions in the communicative situation.

Mauricio Pilleux

2001

The essence of Communicative Competence:
"Our ability to interpret, properly use the social meaning of linguistic varieties from any circumstance in relation to the functions and varieties of the language and with cultural assumptions in the
communicational situation."

Liliana Maturana

2011

Competencia comunicativa:
Constructo globalizante que abarca las habilidades, destrezas y conocimientos de los que ha de servirse el usuario de la lengua para interactuar efectivamente en diversos contextos sociales.