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Roanoke
The Lost Colony of Roanoke was founded by a group of colonists led by John White. During their very difficult first year, John White had returned to England to gather more supplies. However, a war with Spain delayed his travel back to the colony. 3 years later he returned to Roanoke to find his settlement gone and the word CROATOAN and the letters CRO carved into a nearby tree. https://www.britannica.com/story/the-lost-colony-of-roanoke -
Jamestown
In May, 1607, about 100 members of the Virginia Company founded the first permanent English settlement in North America. The first winter was harsh and only a small amount of the settlers survived the first winter. John Smith emerged as the new leader of Jamestown. he said that those who didn't work, wouldn't eat. https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/jamestown -
House of Burgesses
the House of Burgesses was a representative assembly in colonial Virginia. This was an outgrowth of the first elective governing body in a British overseas possession, the General Assembly of Virginia. The General Assembly was created by Governor George Yeardley at Jamestown on July 30, 1619. It included the governor, the council, who were all appointed by the Virginia Company, and two elected burgesses from each of the colony's settlements. https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Burgesses -
Mayflower/ Plymouth/ Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower was a relatively small ship that had more than 100 settlers, all their belongings, and some livestock. These settlers were on this ship for about 66 days before they landed in Plymouth MA. They were set to land in Virginia but after setting anchor at Cape Cod they decided not to continue the journey. The Mayflower Compact was written to establish the colony's government so as to not cause mutiny. https://www.plimoth.org/learn/just-kids/homework-help/mayflower-and-mayflower-compact -
New York
This colony was one of the original 13 colonies. It was settled by Peter Minuit and others on Manhattan Island in 1626. However it was founded by the Duke of York, hence the name. In 1776 this colony became one the the 13 to rebel against Great Britain and become part of the United States. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
In 1630, Puritans settled in this colony. They received a charter from King Charles I, allowing 1000 Puritans to settle in Massachusetts. Led by Governor John Winthrop whose belief was "We shall be a city upon a Hill. The eyes of the people are on us." By 1643, 20,000 settlers joined the colony. Even though the Puritans were outnumbered they remained in power because only male members of the church had the right to vote. https://historyofmassachusetts.org/history-of-the-massachusetts-bay-colony/ -
The Great Migration
The years 1630-1640 are known as the Great Migration. During this time an estimated 200 ships carrying over 20,000 people landed in part of what is now known as Massachusetts. These settlers were mainly puritans seeking religious freedom. https://www.immigrationtounitedstates.org/548-history-of-immigration-1620-1783.html#:~:text=The%20years%201630%20to%201640%20are%20known%20as,eastern%20coastal%20Massachusetts%20towns%20of%20Boston%20and%20Salem. -
Maryland
Settled by Lord Baltimore in 1632, Maryland started as a proprietary colony. It was originally meant for persecuted Catholics to settle in. However, Lord Baltimore died before to he could do anything. His son Cecil Calvert took over managing the colony offering 100 acres to every married couple to settle in Maryland, bringing in many protestants.
Source: Class Notes -
Rhode Island
Roger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for speaking out against the government. He spoke out against the government punishing religious dissention and against the confiscation of Native American land Source: In Class Notes -
Connecticut
Founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636. It was one of the original 13 British colonies until 1776 when it joined the other colonies in rebellion against Great Britain. This colony was settled by a party of Dutch from New Netherlands. https://www.landofthebrave.info/connecticut-colony.htm -
Maryland Toleration Act
The act was meant to ensure freedom of religion for Christian settlers. The law made it illegal to blaspheme God, Holy Trinity, Virgin Mary, or the apostles and evangelists. It also prevented a resident from referring to another’s religion in a negative way. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/868/maryland-toleration-act-of-1649#:~:text=1881%2C%20public%20domain)-,Long%20before%20the%20First%20Amendment%20was%20adopted%2C%20the%20assembly%20of,diverse%20persuasions%20in%20the%20colony. -
Carolina
King Charles II granted 8 of his supporters land in Carolina. They had easy access to trade routes so they grew cash crops such as rice, indigo and tobacco. Cash crops are grown for the purpose of selling rather than being grown just for the farmer to use. By 1720, African slaves outnumbered European settlers 2:1 in the Carolinas.
Source: Class Notes -
Bacon's Rebellion
Nathanial Bacon was fed up with the rich having all the power and was angry at the governor for letting the Native American people roam their land, so he gathered all the poor farmers and others angry for the same reason and they revolted. This resistance was short lived. Once Bacon died from Dysentery, his successors were hung and the rebellion died. This however led to slave trade amongst the colonies. https://www.history.com/news/bacons-rebellion-jamestown-colonial-america -
Pennsylvania
In 1681, King Charles granted William Penn the colony of Pennsylvania. Penn made he colony as a "holy experiment", a place without landowning aristocracy. every male settler was granted 50 acres and the right to vote. This quickly became a Haven for Quakers.
Source: Class Notes -
Salem Witch Trials
Spring of 1692, a group of young girls from Salem Massachusetts claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused many women of witchcraft. This caused a wave of hysteria to spread throughout the colony of Massachusetts. The first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop was hanged that June. hundreds more men, women, and children soon followed her fate. Some died in jail while others were hanged and burned at the stake. https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/salem-witch-trials -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary neglect was the policy of the British government from the early to mid-18th century regarding its North American colonies. Trade regulations were rarely enforced and supervision of internal colonial affairs was loose as long as the colonies remained loyal to the British government and contributed to the economic profitability of Britain. This contributed involuntarily to the increasing autonomy of colonial legal and legislative institutions, this ultimately led to American independence. -
Great Awakening/ Enlightenment
The Great Awakening was a religious revival that impacted the colonies in America during the 1730s and 1740s. The movement was at a time when the idea of secular rationalism was being emphasized, and passion for religion had grown stale. Preachers used fear to scare the non- believers into converting.
https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/great-awakening -
Albany Plan
The Albany plan was a plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government. Although the plan was never carried out, it was the first important proposal to come out of the colonies as a whole united under one government. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/albany-plan -
French- Indian War
A war between France and Great Britain lasting nine years. the worst of those years being the "Seven Years' War" from 1756-1763. They were fighting over control of the Ohio River Valley. https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/french-and-indian-war -
Proclamation of 1763
This was a Proclamation by the British at the end of the French and Indian War to appease Native Americans by checking the settling of Europeans on their lands. It created a boundary separating the British colonies from the American Indian lands west of the Appalachian Mountain.
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of#:~:text=In%20response%20to%20Pontiac's%20Rebellion,colonial%20expansion%20westward%20beyond%20Appalachia.
