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Canadian Confederation
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Rebellions of Upper and Lower Canada
The most important impact of the Rebellions of 1837, was that it led to the peaceful compromise of the French-English joining together and creating Canada. -
Lord Durham's Report
After the rebelllions of 1837, Britiain realized that the ways of the governing in the colonies had to change. They appointed Lord Durham, a reformer in England, as governor-in-chief of both of the Canadas. He arrivered in the spring of 1838 and immediately upset the Family Compact and the Chateau Clique when he let them know that things would have to change. Many complained to him about Britain. He realized he had litttle support so he resigned and went home to England to complete his report. -
Act of Union
Durham's union proposal was accepted by the British government and by his successor as governor, Lord Sydenham. In 1841 Upper and Lower Canada no longer existed. They became the Province of Canada, with Montreal as its capital. -
Lord Elgin
In 1864, the British government appointed James Bruce, Lord Elgin, as govenor general of Canada. Elgin was Durham's son-in-law so they shared the same ideas for reform. Elgin's job was to make responsible government a reality. He set out to make Canada a semi-independent nation and to introduce enough democracy that the citizens of the new nation would not be drawn into a revolution. -
Rebellion Losses Bill
In 1849 thr newly elected and reformist government presented the Rebellion Losses Bill. It proposed to use to use tax money to compensate anyone in Canada East who lost property in the Rebellions. After Elgin signed the bill, some English-speaking citizens in Montreal were furious. After two days of violence, a mob set fire to the Parliament Buildings, which burn to the ground. -
Reciprocity
In 1864 the Reciprocity Treaty was signed by the U.S. -
Charlottetown Conference
This meeting was intended to be a conference for the preminers of Nova Soctia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island about a union of their colonies. They convinced Samuel Tilley, Charles Tupper and Edward Whelan that Confederation could work. All agreeed to attend another conference in Quebec to work out the details.Newfoundland also agreed to send representatives, even though there was a little support for Confederation in that colony. -
Quebec Conference
The delegates were planning a new nation, a difficult and time-comsuming task. There was much to decide, such as the operation and powers of the new federal government, the powers of the new provinces, and the issue of protecting French language in culture. After discussion, they decided that provincial government should retain many powers. In the end Quebec Conference produced 72 Revoluations and a blue print for Canada. -
London Conference
The Conference was held in the United Kingdom and it was the final in a series of conferences or debates that led to Canadian confederation in 1867. Sixteen delegates from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick gathered with officials of the British government to draft the British North America Act, 1867. This was a continuation of the Quebec Conference held earlier about the "Seventy-two Resolutions". -
New Brunswick
New Brunswick was one of the original provinces to join Confederation in 1867. -
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia joined Canada as a province in 1867. -
Ontario
Ontario, which joined in 1867. -
Québec
Québec joined Confederation in 1867. -
British North America Act
The Resolutions were nrought to London and settled on a final agreement which was given Royal Assent which is permission from Queen Victoria. The final agreement was called the British North America Act past by British Parliament with the date of union set for July 1 1867. -
Manitoba
Manitoba has been a Canadian province since 1870. -
Northwest Territories
Northwest Territories (NWT) got its name in 1870 when the Hudson's Bay Company and Great Britain transferred territory to Canada that lay northwest of the country's central region. -
British Columbia
British Columbia joined Confederation in 1871. -
Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island was the seventh province to join Confederation in 1873. -
Yukon Territory
In 1898, the Yukon became Canada's second northern territory. -
Alberta
Alberta was proclaimed a province on September 1, 1905. -
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan joined in 1905. -
Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador is one of Canada's newest provinces, having joined Confederation in 1949. -
Nunavut
Nunavut, Canada's newest territory, joined on April,1 1999.
