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Mississippi Black Code
The Mississippi Black Code consisted of laws passed with the goal of regulating the behavior of African Americans and to impose social and economic control. They denied African Americans of fundamental rights while granting them few other rights. -
Reconstruction Amendment XIII
This amendment outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the whole country. It states that slavery is outlawed, except as a punishment of someone duly convicted. This amendment helped the country take a huge step towards equality. -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Outlawed racial discrimination in public places and facilities. It guaranteed equal treatment in service on juries. It was eventually declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1883 -
Sharecropping Contract
Strict set of rules and conditions that must be followed by everyone applying to rent land shares. These conditions were set into place knowing that African Americans would be applying to rent land shares. In a way, these conditions were another form of slavery and oppression because they were not fair at all. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
An act that suspended Chinese laborers from coming to the United States. The act discriminated against Chinese people on the basis of race with the justification that Chinese laborers coming into the country endangers the good order of certain localities. -
W.E.B. DuBois remarks about black progress
W.E.B. DuBois believes that great strides will be made within society if African Americans have a sense of manly self-respect. He downplays Booker T. Washington's remarks about adjustment and submission, and claims that effective progress can't be made if African Americans do not have political rights and a good chance for developing exceptional men. -
Lynch Law in America
An unwritten law that justifies the lynching of an African American by a mob. The victim is not allowed a trial or defense. African Americans are often accused by white women, and are lynched regardless of truth or motive. -
Returning Soldiers
African Americans fought in the war until the last drop of blood for America and its ideals. W.E.B. DuBois sums up the situation perfectly: "For the America that represents and gloats in lynching, disenfranchisement, cast, brutality and devilish insult––for this, in the hateful upturning and mixing of things, we were forced by vindictive fate to fight also." In the end, African Americans were going to war for a country that won't fight back for them. -
Explanation of the Objects of the Universal Negro Improvement association
Marcus Garvey calls for unity among black people all over the world and suggests that they should all move to Africa. He wants for them to build their own cities and government and to be able to achieve high status which they are deprived from in America because of the way they are treated. It is basically a calling for all black people to go live in their own world where they do not have to deal with racism and can live freely. -
The Klan's Fight for Americanism
This event was the rising of the second Ku Klux Klan. They focused their efforts on fighting for americanism which consisted of the instincts of loyalty to the white race, to the traditions of America, and to the spirit of Protestantism. They brought forward consistent hate and violence toward African Americans. -
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The Great Depression
African Americans were harder hit by the effects of the Great Depression than any other group of Americans. When whites were out of work in northern cities, they would call for African Americans to be fired. Lynchings and racial violence became more common as well. -
The Migration
This is a painting created by African American painter Jacob Lawrence in 1940. The painting represents the mass migration of African Americans to the urban North from the rural South. Discrimination and racial segregation occurring where Jim Crow laws were upheld in the South, were big motives for this mass migration. -
Executive Order 8802
This order outlawed discrimination in the employment of workers in the defense industry and government because of race or ethnicity. Any industries were to provide equal participation of all workers regardless of race or ethnicity. -
Executive Order 9066
Executive order from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt that moved 120,000 people of Japanese descent into internment camps. Foreign and native born Japanese people were put into internment camps solely because of their race.
