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Shakespeare writes Hamlet
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Jamestown, Virginia, established-first permanent English colony on American mainland.
It is the first permanent English settlement in what is now the United States of America, following several earlier failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke. It was founded by the London Company (later to become the Virginia Company), headquartered in England. -
Johannes Kepler publishes the first two Laws of Planetary Motion which explained the movement of planets around the sun.
The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the center of the sun being located at one focus. (The Law of Ellipses). An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. (The Law of Equal Areas). The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun. (The Law of Harmonies) -
King James Version of the Bible published in England
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Start of the Thirty Years' War
The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, although disputes over the internal politics and balance of power within the Empire played a significant part. Gradually, the war developed into a more general conflict involving most of the European powers.. In this general phase, the war became more a continuation of the Bourbon–Habsburg rivalry for European political pre-eminence -
Pilgrims from England arrive at Plymouth, Massachusetts, on the Mayflower
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Richelieu is made a Cardinal
In 1622 he was made a cardinal and from there rose to become head of the Royal Council and prime minister of France. King Louis XIII was a weak ruler and Richelieu filled the void, more or less running the empire via his advice to the king. -
English Civil War. Cavaliers, supporters of Charles I, against Roundheads, parliamentary forces
a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. -
Oliver Cromwell defeats Royalists
Cromwell was a Roundhead military leader in a long series of civil war battles, which ended with Charles I imprisoned and finally beheaded in 1649 -
Parliament demands reforms. Charles I offers concessions, brought to trial
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End of the Thirty Years' War
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Charles I is beheaded
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Cromwell becomes Lord Protector
He eventually gained the king-like title of Lord Protector of the Realm, and presided over a troubled era of internal unrest and costly foreign wars. -
English Parliament calls for the restoration of the monarchy; invites Charles II to return from France
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Louis XIV begins personal rule as absolute monarch; starts to build Versailles
His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days, and is the longest documented reign of any European monarch -
Great Plague in London kills 75,000
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The Great Fire Of London
Began in the bakeshop of Thomas Farynor, baker to King Charles II, at one o'clock in the morning. At this time, most London houses were of wood and pitch construction, dangerously flammable, and it did not take long for the fire to expand. -
Locke writes Two Treatises of Government
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Start of the Witch Trials
