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Mary Ann Bickerdyke
Mary Ann was an outspoken Civil War nurse. She worked on the first hospital boat. She was the chief of nursing under the command of Ulysses S. Grant. -
Dorothea Dix
She was know for her humanitarian efforts to help the mentally ill. She helped found 32 mental hospitals. At the age of 60, she was made Superintendent of Union Army Nurses during the Civil War -
Clara Barton
Clara was known as "The Angel of the Battlefield." During the Civil War, she formed an agency that obtained adn distributed supplies to wounded soldiers. After the war, she dedicated herself to finding missing soldiers. She is probably most noted for her part in the formation of the American Red Cross. -
Linda Richards
She was the first professionally trained American nurse. She also created the first system for keeping medical records for hospital patients. -
Isabel Hampton Robb
She was superintendent of both the Cook County Hospital and John Hopkins schools of nursing. In both schools the implemented reforms that we still use today. She was also president o the National League for Nursing, and the American Nurses Association. -
Lilian Wald
She attend New York Hospital's School of Nursing. She founded the Henry Street Settlement to provide care for the poor. She worked in the Lower East Side of New York. There she taught a home class on nursing. -
Mary Adelaide Nutting
She was part of the first graduating class from the John Hopkins Hospital School of Nursing. She expaned the curriculum of the nursing program. She added pre-clinical training and established the eight hour work-day for nurses. -
Annie Goodrich
She wanted to bring nursing schools away from the hospitals and to the universities. She also advocated for classes in proventive medicine and community nursing. -
Lavinia Dock
She created the first manual of drugs for nurses. She was also an editor of thr American Journal of Nursing. She wanted to improve the health of the poor by improving the nursing profession. -
Mary Breckinridge
She started the Frontier Nursing Service. This service provided health care for poor people who lived in remote mountain areas. She also started the first school in the United States that trained and certified midwifes. -
Ida V. Moffett
"Ida dedicated her life to providing quality care and creating standardized nursing education. A pioneer in setting standards for healthcare, she became the first woman involved in achieving school accreditation, in forming university- level degree programs for nursing, in closing substandard nursing schools, in organizing hospital peer groups, in licensing practical nursing, and in starting junior college-level degree programs for nurses." (Alabama Women's Hall of Fame) -
Mary Eliza Mahoney
Mary was the first black professional nurse in the United States. Before being accepted to nursing school, she worked at the New Engand Hospital for Women and Children. -
Hildegard Peplau
She thought that the nurse-client relationship was the foundation of nursing. She said that a nurse should be involved with a patient not just passively acting our doctor's orders. -
Martha Rogers
"She specialized in public health nursing, working in Michigan, Connecticut, and Arizona, where she established the Visiting Nurse Service of Phoenix, Arizona. She continued her education, receiving a M.A. in public health nursing from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1945, an M.P.H. in 1952 and a Sc.D. in 1954, both from Johns Hopkins University. Between 1952 and 1975 she was a Professor and Head of the Division of Nursing at New York University." (wikipedia) -
Dorothea Orem
She founded the idea of Self-Care nursing, which states that "nurses have to supply care when the patients cannot provide cae to themselves."(wikipedia) "Nursing is concerned with the individual's need for self-care action, which is the practice of activities that individuals intiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining health and well being."(book) -
Margaret Sanger
Margaret worked in the streets of New York, and she saw how many women died from pregnacies and illegal abortions. Because of this, she became an advocate for birth control. She have out pamphlets and even opened a free clinic for women, both of which got her arrested. -
Virginia Henderson
She graduated from the Army School of Nursing. She also graduated from Columbia University with a masters in nuring education. She defines nursing as "assisting individuals to gain independence in relation to the performance of activities contributing to health or its recovery."(Henderson) -
Lillian Holland Harvey
She wanted to advance the cause of black nurses and the nursing profession. She was involved with and held important offices in many groups such as, the Accreditation Team for the National League of Nursing and the national Student Nurses Association. -
Jean Watson
She believes that the foundation of nursing is caring. Her theory sates that nurses need a strong background in liveral arts. According to Jean, these provide a solid foundation for the science of caring. -
Madeleine Leininger
"She is a pioneer nursing theorist, first published in the early 1980s. her contributions to nursing theory involve the discussion of what it is to care. Most notably, she developed the concept of transcultural nursing, bringing the role of cultural factors in nursing practice into the discussion of how to best attend to those in need of nursing care." (wikipedia)
