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Young Italy Movement
Giuseppe Mazzini was a Carbonari. A Carbonari was a secret society of Nationalists because they couldn't work out in the open. Resorgimento was the movement for nationalist to get liberation and unification. Mazzini spread his ideas of resorgimento and called his patriots to join the young italian movement which insisted that a republic should rule Italy. -
Cavour & Napoleon III secret plan
Cavour and Napoleon III meet secretly to plan against Austria. If Austria could be provoked to declaring war on Sardinia, France would drive out Austria from Lombardy and Venetia. Cavour promised French speaking regions of Nice and Savoy to France. Sending Austria to War. -
Expidition of the Thousand
Garibaldi recruited an army of more than 1000 men soldiers and invaded and captured Sicily. They then seized Naples, and drove King Francis II and his troops to the Papal states. Garibaldi became a hero. -
Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy
Everywhere except Rome and Venetia in Italy during 1860, people held plebiscities. They voted for national unity under the king of Sardinia. Victor Emmanuel II was officially King of Italy in 1861 when representatives met in Turin and the various states confirmed it. -
Unification and Its Problems
Italy still faced many problems. Few Italians had expierience with self government. The standard of living of most Italians was low and labor problems arose. Italy engaged in several military ventures in Africa in the 1880s. A little gain by the war with the Ottoman Empire in 1911, And the conquest of Libya in 1912 strengthened Italy's position in the Mediterranean region but divinded the nation.