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Alfred Lothar Wegener
Alfred Wegener was a german meterorologist. He was the first person to have a theroy of continental drift. In this theroy, he belived that once before,there was a super continent called Pangea. His theory was supported by fossils, land featurs, and climate evidence. He had all the peices to prove cotinental drift, execpt he did not know the force to form all the continents together. Although it wasnt proved then, but later it was. If he did not have this theory, we may not know about Pangea. -
Arthur Holmes
Arthur Holmes was a British geologist. Holmes first said that the Earth was far older than most scientists had said, but his number was smaller than actully. His first contributaion in science was helping prove the right age of Earth. His second one was he suggested convection currrents were the cause of contiental drift. -
Atlantis
Atlantis was a U.S research ship. This ship was the first ship of WHOI used to research the ocean floor. It searched over 700,000 miles of ocean floor. It had 9 sciencetists on board. It was sold in 1964 after giving many contributations to the science world. -
Hugo Benioff
Hugo was an American seismologist. He studied earthquake-focus depth in the Pacific Ocean. He was the first to propse that deep ocean focus was related to subduction zones. Also he started the placement of seismometers. Which that later led to Caltech seismic network. -
Kiyoo Wadati
Kiyoo was a Japanese seismologist. He wrote many papers that contribuited to geophyisics. His first research provided evidence that deep earthquakes exsited. He also gave the first accurate description of inclined planar zone of deep earthquakes. His research helped World War II. -
Alexander Du Toit
Toit was a professor of Geology at Johannesburg University. He changed Wegner's hypothosis. He suggested that there were 2 conjoined contients. He said they were, Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south. His modification showed that Pangea had seperated. -
Technology
Durning World War II people were using Submarines. But the submarines needed more complex maps and graphs. So later on a tequnique of echo or sonar sounding sound wasves were used to measure water deph.Later Germany developed a map of the ocean floor. Scientist saw these and relized the ocean floor is not smooth but it was ragged and moutainous. -
Harry H. Hess
Harry H. Hess was geoligist at Princeton University and a Naval Reserce Rear Adrimal durning World War II. He suggested the concept of that convection cells in the mantle were the driving force for seafloor spreading. He preformed many seafloor gravity studies. -
Robert S. Dietz
Dietz was a sciencetist with the U.S Coast and Geodetic Survey. He discovered the fracture zone in the Pacific Ocean. Then he came up with the hypothosis of newley formed crust would spread outward every year. -
Drummond Matthews and Fred Vine
Drummond Matthews and Fred Vine were Cambridge Scientists. They wrote a paper, "Magnetic Anomalies Over Ocean Ridges.". The two decided that a new crust magnitizes with alignewith the field at the time of its formation. -
Sir Edward Bullard
Bullard was a British geophyscist. He had a theory of geomagnetic dynamo. This theory was based on convective motion within the Earth’s core. He also announced that there was no significant temperature difference between continental crust and the ocean floor. -
Glomar Challenger
The Glomar Challenger was an oceanographic drilling and coring vessel. It was active from 1968-1983. It was capable of drilling more than 1,700 metres into the ocean floor. It also It investigated 624 sites in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.It supported the theory of plate tectonics. It did this by providing evidence of continental drift and seafloor renewal.
