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Begining of the first Avant-Garde
The avant-garde from French, "advance guard" or "vanguard", are people or works that are experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society. It may be characterized by nontraditional, aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability, and it may offer a critique of the relationship between producer and consumer.The concept of avant-garde refers primarily to artists, writers, composers and thinkers whose work is opposed to mainstream cultural values. -
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War of movements
On 4 August 1914 the German Army put the Schlieffen Plan into action and launched its troops across Belgium with the ultimate objective of taking Paris. Despite the resistance of the Belgian Army and British and French expeditionary forces, the Germans continued their advance towards the French border which they soon crossed near the town of Maubeuge. The war of movement had turned into a war of position. -
Assassination of Sarajevo
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and Franz Ferdinand's wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, occurred on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo when they were mortally wounded by Gavrilo Princip. Princip was one of a group of six assassins, a Bosnian Serb and a member of the Black Hand secret society. The political objective of the assassination was to break off Austria-Hungary's South Slav provinces. -
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World War I
World War I, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as "the war to end all wars", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war -
Battle of Tannenberg
The Battle of Tannenberg was fought between Russia and Germany between the 26th and 30th of August 1914, the first month of World War I. The battle resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Russian Second Army and the suicide of its commanding general, Alexander Samsonov. A series of follow-up battles (First Masurian Lakes) destroyed most of the First Army as well and kept the Russians off balance until the spring of 1915. -
1st Battle of Marne
The Battle of the Marne, was a World War I battle fought from 6–12 September 1914. It resulted in an Allied victory against the German armies in the west. The battle was the culmination of the German advance into France and pursuit of the Allied armies which followed the Battle of the Frontiers in August and had reached the eastern outskirts of Paris. The battle was a victory for the Allied Powers but led to four years of trench warfare stalemate on the Western Front. -
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Trench War
This phase of the war is also known as "trench warfare" because of the way in which military operations were developed. It covered the years 1915 and 1916. It was the result of the failure of the blitzkrieg initiated by the Germans in 1914. It meant a change of strategy with respect to the previous phase and opened the way to the war of stable fronts that immobilized the armies in lines of trenches that extended hundreds of kilometres, from the North Sea to Switzerland. -
Battle of Verdun
The Battle of Verdun, was fought from 21 February to 18 December 1916 on the Western Front. The battle was the longest of the First World War and took place on the hills north of Verdun-sur-Meuse. The German 5th Army began by attacking the defences of the Fortified Region of Verdun and those of the French Second Army on the right bank of the Meuse. Inspired by the experience of the Second Battle of Champagne in 1915, the Germans planned to capture the Meuse Heights. -
Battle of Somme
The Battle of the Somme, also known as the Somme Offensive, was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British Empire and French Third Republic against the German Empire. It took place between 1 July and 18 November 1916 on both sides of the upper reaches of the River Somme in France. The battle was intended to hasten a victory for the Allies and was the largest battle of the First World War on the Western Front. More than three million men fought in the battle. -
USA declare war on Germany
The people of the USA asked to declare war on Germany, but President Woodrow Wilson only protested. Germany promised not to sink more merchant ships, but because it did not comply with this agreement, the United States declared war on it in April 1917. US aid came into play when it was most needed. -
Right to suffrage to women over 30 years
The British Parliament approved on February 6, 1918 a law that granted the right to suffrage to women over 30 years, which at that time were more than eight million in a country still immersed in the First World War. The success of the British suffragettes is part of a broader social movement that had already led to the recognition of the female vote in New Zealand (1893), Australia (1902), Finland (1906) and Norway (1913) and the Soviet Union (1917). -
2nd Battle of Marne
The Second Battle of the Marne (15 July – 6 August 1918) was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack failed when an Allied counterattack, supported by several hundred tanks, overwhelmed the Germans on their right flank, inflicting severe casualties. The German defeat marked the start of the relentless Allied advance which culminated in the Armistice with Germany about 100 days later. -
Armistice
An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. It is not necessarily the end of a war, since it may constitute only a cessation of hostilities while an attempt is made to negotiate a lasting peace. It is derived from the Latin arma, meaning "arms" (as in weapons) and -stitium, meaning "a stopping". The United Nations Security Council often imposes, or tries to impose, cease-fire resolutions on parties in modern conflicts. -
Peace of Versailles and the League of Nations
The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which had directly led to the war. The armistice signed up on 11 November 1918. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919.
