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New Immigration
-Congress passed discriminatory immigration law that restricted the immigration Asians & other non whites from entry into the US
-Immigrants came from American for better living, jobs, Religious, Freedom American, restricted immigrants, if they were sick or not smart energy, new immigrants, usually lived in Chicago, NY and Boston -
Morse Code
Developed 1844 by Samuel Morse revolutionized by long distance communication
-Use of the telegraph was quickly accepted by people eager for a faster and easier way of sending and receiving information
-it worked by transmitting electric signals over a were layer between stations -
Homestead Act
-The purpose of this act were to have more settlements in the west
-They offered free land (160 acres) for staying there for five years
-People bought the land for 1.25 per acre
-The homestead act lead to the distribution of 80 million acres public land by 1900
It pushed Indians to reservations in the west -
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Cattle Drive Era
-From Texas to the mid west in Nebraska
-Cattle drives were send to Chicago were they slaughter them to make beef for Chicago
-Barb Wire was put by farmers to stop cattle drivers from destroying there wheat crops -
Transcontinental Railroad
-The Entire Nation was join with 1776 miles of track
-Countries were able to work together easier due to decrease travel time
-The Transcontinental railroad meant that the frontier could be extended with a greatest movement of population
-The railroad made a wider variety of goals possible for people who lived on the frontier were able to get good that were previously unavailable -
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The Knights of Labor
-The Knights of labor began as a labor union
-Knights strongly supported the chinese exclusion act of 1882
-alot of strikes struck out more than 200,000 workers were on strike. Bomb exploded at workers rally, including over thousand strikes including the great southwest railroad strike -
John D Rockfeller
-He incorporated standard oil in 1870 he built his first oil refinery near Cleveland
-By 1882 the controlled some of 90 percent of U.S refineries and pipelines that was considered monopoly
-He built the Rockfeller Center and donated land to the U.S refineries -
Bessemer Steel Production process
-The Removal of impurities f/ iron
-The Bessemer process revolutionized steel production, de-creasing cost
-The process made steel 10x stronger than iron
-RR went further, building grew high due to strength + low cost of steel -
The Exclustionary Act
-First law that restricted immigration into the U.S
-The Act provided an absolute 10-year ban on chinese immigrants permanent aliens by excluding them from U.S citizenship
-Froze the chinese community in place prevented it from growing and assimlating into the U.S society -
Haymarket Square Riot
-A Violent confrontation between police & labor protesters in charge on May 4 1886
-This has been associated with "May Day'' or international workers day
-Riot created wide spread hysteria against immigrants
-Riot had a lasting effect with labor movement in the US
-The Riot was caused by protest of police brutality toward the people of labor unions -
Hull House
-1889 Jane Addams & Ellen Gates starr founded Hull House
- Initiated programs to address poor working condition poor sanitation and a host of others pressing problems
-Located in a large house in Chicago
-Turned their attention to national issues
-Passed due to public protest
-Right to vote (womens) -
Home Stead Strike
-Unfair treatment and demands for employees
-The strike was against Andrew carnegie & Frick
-Pinkertion guards and the strikes fought and nine strikes died & seven guards died
-The sheriff asked the governor to help, he sent 3,000 militia
-The union was broken and the owners won -
Andrew Carnegie
-Made Carnegie steel in 1892
-Took control of the steel industry
-Sold steel company to J.P Morgan
-Wrote the gospel of wealth rich help to poor
-Founded keystone bridge company
Invested in oil & train cars -
Pullman Strike
-Factory wages at the company fell about 25% but the rents George Pullman charged did not decrease
-3 Thousand pullman workers went on a "wildcat" strike that is without authorization
-June 29, 50 thousand men had to quit their jobs
-Federal troops This enraged strikers, and rioters began stopping trains, smashing switches and again setting fire to anything that would burn
-Pullman Strike was important because it was the first time a federal injunction had ever been used to break a strike -
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Ellis Island
-Ellis Island arrived to NY
-The eastern European and European the doctors were checking the immigrants for conditions such as physical disability, mental retardation and shortness of breath. If they had any of conditions they will be deported back to there country
-They were poorly treated at the immigration office and they were detain for days, weeks or months -
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Angel Island
-Held hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from japan and china
-Arriving they had to go thru medical exams where they were tested for various diseases, they were assigned domitorys were they were detained till enterrogation process, expressing fear & frustiatrationfor months
-they had to be U.S citizens and had to answer questions about thier family history
-those familys that didnt pass the questioning would be in jeopardy of deportation -
Americanization Day
-First Americanization Day was known as 'loyalty day" was first launched on July 4 1915
-was launched in response to nearly two decades of increasing immigration
-Americas has a sore spot because of the influx of the immigrants from southern Europe
-Businesses percived ages & feared immigrants might help increase of acceptance of socialism -
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Great Migration
-Push Factor, Racial Tension, violence, poverty, lynching, of African Americans led to not enough money or work to survive
Pull Factor, Jobs opportunities, community, for African Americans development of ethic neighborhoods specifically, voting was a right
-They moved to New York and Chicago
-They Created there own African American communities -
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Age of the steamboat
-American economic stability & influenced everyday life for over a century with transportation & trade
-the steamboat made it easier for products -
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Tammy Hall and Boss Tweed
-Was organized by dishonest politicians, who had two main goals; take control of the city and get the groups own candidate elected to the top jobs in the city government
-Tammy Hall offered help do the citys new Irish immigrants, in return for votes
-Supported Democratic party executive committee
-Boss Tweed used power and influence to still over 1 million dollars from New York City's bank account