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Langston Hughes "The negro speaks of rivers"
-It was a Harlem Renaissance Artists, He wrote the poem to revolve the importance of roots and the way they provide meaning in life.
-It influenced the value of the African race during the renaissance Gra.
-The crisis is the official magazine (NAACP) National Association of the advancement of colored people founded in 1910 -
Social Darwinism
-Haves were rich people, or people that had power.
-If you were poor or not educated then it means that they don't deserve to have money or power.
-concept behind social darwinism was racism, money, and power.
-What social classes due to each other was a pamphlet by William Graham sumner's about solving social problems created in 1883-1903 -
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Stock Market Crash
"This time period is marketed by optimism, celebration, experimentation and social change, but also fear of external influences and a loss of "American Culture" -
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Red Scare
Xenophobia irrational fear of foreigners
Causes- The U.S was scared of the communist party that was forming the U.S when a wave strikes also hit the United States in 1919
-The popular raids were the direct response to the supposed attendant bombings which led to the breaking into peoples houses violating their rights headed by Attorney General Alexander Mitchell Palmer
Sacco and Vanzetti were both Italians accused for being communist and were sentenced to death for robbery. -
U.N.I.A.E
-Marcus Mosiah Garvey
-The members pledge themselves to do all in their power to conserve the rights of their noble race and to respect the rights of all mankind believing always in the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of god.
-North and frustrations of struggling to cope with Urban life set the scene for Garvey's back to Africa movement.
-He went to Jamaican and was kicked out of the United States.
-He wanted the people to come back to Liberia which was a movement "Back-to-Africa". -
19th Amendment
-At the time U.S was founded, its female citizens did not share all the same rights as men.
- This amendment gave women the right to vote in 1920
- Unified Suffrage laws across the U.S -
Henry Ford
-When manufacturers first adopted their assembly line to their production process, they often achieve dramatic gains in productivity.
-Ford was producing 1.6 million cars a year at a price of less than $300 per car
- The growth in automobile ownership, from 8 to 24 million, greatly affected all aspects of American life.
-Ford payed his workers $5 an hour so they could afford the Model T they built -
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Nativism in the 1920's & 30's
-A dislike of foreigners -The red scare which had anarchist bombings The Salco & Vanzetti case.
-Migration of African Americans from south to northern cities increased racial tensions with KKK
-During red scare anarchist targeted judges, politicians, law enforcement officials, 2 foreigners sentenced to death for robberies
KKK targeted African Americans doing lynchings and foreigners using the emergency quota Act to scare others. -
Emergency Quota Act
Cause: # of immigrants had grown almost 600% ranging 141,000-805,000 people after WW1
Terms- established max # of people who could enter the United States. "Cut European immigration".
How its positive: Allows immigrants that are already living in the U.S have a secure job.
Groups like the "KKK" strongly supported the EQA and National Origins Formula to reduce the # of formula coming to the U.S -
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National Origins Formula
-It established how many immigrants could enter the u.s restricted by origin discriminated people outside Western Europe
-The gov't only allowed 2% of the population into the nation.
-The asian exclusive act was modified which barred Asians completely out. -
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Teapot Dome Scandal
-1920's involved national security big oil companies and corruption of U.U and selling military land
-events led decades before gov and U.S navy officials, new global presence
-Albert B. Fall served secretary of the interior in president Warren G. Harding's cabinet
- Scandal left a last stain on president reputation -
National Orgins Act
Purpose- Established of a quota system limited immigration from southern and eastern europe also established a quota to determine how many immigrants could enter the us . All asians were excluded from immigration.
-Emergency quota that limited immigration from any country to 3% this act caused immigration to drop by almost 500,000 persons between 1920-1922 -
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Harlem Renaissance
During WW1 African Americans had witnessed a society in Europe that was tolerant in American soldiers as deeply entrenched.
-Two decades from 1910 to 1930 witnessed the movement known as the "Great Migration" about two million African Americans out of the South to the promised land" of the Northeast and midwest.
The Harlem renaissance of New negro movement occurred as a result of an increased in radical American intellectuals and Urbanization into Harlem. -
Scopes Trial - Monkey Trial
As an american legal case in 1925 in which a teacher from tennessee violated the Butler Act, which taught about evolution.
-This made unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school
- william Jennings was a prosecutor, the attorney who depended scopes was convicted for teaching evolution, his $1.00 fine was late set aside.
- The town first made the fine to collect money due to the great depression -
Chares Lindbergh
Nicknamed Slim, Lucky Lindy, and the Lone Eagle, was an american aviator, author, inventor, and social activist.
-The propose plane had been named the spirit of st louis and the pilot was to be charlesA. lindbergh. -
Fats Waller
-Its Jazz music
- it created specifically as a theme song for the Razaf/Waller/Brook off broadway musical comedy and radio show
-Aint misbehaving recording of 1929 were hits in the ASCAP ranking for that year
-His radio show was in everybody's living room black, white he used his radio show to influence the black and white -
Father on Naval Aviation
Glenn H. Curtiss designed a sea plane the could take off and land on water.
-3 yrs later he flew his "hydroplane" in San Diego Bay landing on a naval ship, this caused U.S Navy to bay its first aircraft.
-Curtiss developed a larger "flying boat"
-Then he helped U.S navy create aircraft carriers -
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Transitional Immigration
WW1 immigration was reduced to a trickle by the conflict in Europe. Nativists feelings against immigrants led congress to restrict immigration from Europe for the 1st time.
- Immigrants were over flooding the urban areas
The economy was drawn down a little due to little jobs available. -
Eugenics
Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population.
-The government under Theodore Roosevelt created a National Heredity commision that was charged to investigate the genetic heritage of the country and to "encourage" the increase of families of good blood and discourage the vicious elements in the cross bred American Civilization.
-Hitler believed that the Aryan people which came from Eugenics were designated to rule the world. -
Pledge of Allegiance
What was changed?
-In 1954 "under god" was added to the pledge , in a response to the threat of communism
Why it was changed?
-Congress after a campaign by the knights of Columbus, The pledge was now both patriotic oath and a public prayer.
-The "United States of America" was added into the pledge.
-The change was because they wanted to make sure they were pledging to their country and not anyone else's