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Benito Mussolini- Italy
-Fascism was an authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy and other Europeans countries after 1919
-fascist program emphasized intense nationalism, productivism , anti-socialism , elitism , and the need for a strong leader Mussolini -
Joseph Stalin USSR
-Joseph Stalin was a powerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union. He was a dictator who was terrorized the population and send many people to prison and labor camps
-one of the communist leader's greatest task was collectivize farming. Stalin created a state-owned farms.
-While Stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power. Many of his enemies were shot or sent to Siberia -
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Allied Powers
-great Britain, U.S, China, & Soviet Union along with others
-prime purpose was to defeat the axis powers & create a peaceful post war world -
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Axis Powers
-Includes Germany , Japan, and Italy along with others
-prime purpose was to establish and maintain new order
-They supported each others goal for territorial expansion , wanted the destruction of the Soviet Union & acknowledged each others supremacy in their geographic area. -
Japanese Expansion
-Japanese expansion in East Asia began in 1931 with the invasion of Manchuria and continued in 1937 with a brutal attack on China
-On September 27, 1940 Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy
-U.S had stopped trade with the Japanese which led them to attack the U.S and British forces in Asia and shortly after the Japanese had dropped a bomb on Pearl Harbor leading to the U.S declaring war on the Japanese and joining the war -
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Tuskegee airmen/flying Tigers
-Their main job was to provide escorts for pilots on bombing missions
-By 1944 the army had come under pressure to allow African Americans to engage in combat on the ground and also form and African American infantry division.
-flying tigers were recruited to send supplies and to engage in combat with Japanese pilots.
-flying tigers were all volunteered flying pilots from the U.S -
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Advance Technology 1935 - 1945
-Torpedoes was used to destroy submarines & ships from long distance because bullets couldn't go far & do a lot of damage
-bombing raids were use to destroy anything in a certain area such as factories that produce military equipment in WW2
-Wolf packs were German submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoys , a group of ships, warships & submarines that attack a certain target all at once -
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War Bonds 1935-1945
-The safe of war bonds also reduced the amount of currency in the economy , also helping to keep inflation rates down 85 million Americans bought bonds into the federal treasury to help with the war effort
-Ration coupons were used for essential goods like food coffee tires gasoline and even clothing further the war effort in the WW2 -
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Victory Corps 1935-1945
-The purpose of this student organization was to prepare high schools to aid in tha war effort on the home front and the fronlliness -
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Victory Gardens 1935-1945
-victory Gardens initiative of WW1 and WW2 was to support war effort people throughout the united states grew their own produce in yards parks and other community spaces so that all available resources could got to word war effort
-Raise the Riveter-government campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for the mutations industry became perhaps the most income -
German Expansion
-Germany started acquiring German speaking areas lost after WW1 like Sudetenland(a section of France), Czechoslovakia, Hungary & Poland
- Increasingly a global political division emerged between democratic societies (U.S & Britain) and totalitarian states (Germany) actions-@1st nothing but when Germany did not stop an all out war occurred -
Adolph Hitler-Germany
-A dictatorship requires one person and one party to be in control of a nation and a c
-Personal freedom disappear in Nazi Germany
-Hitler asked Hindenburg to grant him emergency power in view of the "Communist takeover" -
M1 semi auto riffle & radar
M1-The design of the M1 allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their German & Japanese
Radar-Battle were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes ships or submarines the order helped see hundreds of miles away even at night -
Rationing
-Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources and goods
-Rationing items were gasoline tires meat butter and jellies
-people had to yse rationing goods which were issued to each family based on its size -
"Rosie the Riveter"
-Was a cultural icon during WW2 representing the women who worked in factories many who produced munitions or war supplies -
Civilian Defense Organization 1941
-Roosevelt set up the Office of civilian Defense (OCD) to coordinate state and federal measures to protect civilians in war-related emergency. The OCD organized he u.s citizens defense corps. To recruit and train volunteers to perform essential tasks -
lend lease program
*gave the president the authority to sell lease lend or otherwise dispose of an defense article to any nation whose defense he considered -
women in the military
*WACS women army corps
*auxiliary unit
*women are doing office things while men were shipped over seas to fight -
war bonds
-Way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
-people would buy bonds & Government promised to return to them with interest after 10 years or more
-gov neds the money to pay for war equipment -
pearl harbor
*the japanese royal navy launched a surpirse attack against the amricans killing over 2,400 americans and militant personal
8destroyed 18 ships and 32 airplanes -
Bataan Death March
The Bataan Death March happened after the U.S surrender of the Bataan Peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers.
-Allied prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prison Campos, where thousands died from disease mistreatment -
Battle of midway
-THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY PUSHED THE WAR TIDE IN FAVOR OF THE ALLIED POWERS SINCE IF WAS ONE OF THE MOST DECISIVE U.S VICTORIES -
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victory corps
*the purpose of this student organization was to prepare high school students to aid in the war effort -
Executive Order event
-was a U.S presidential executive order & signed during world war 2 by president FDR
-The document ordered the removal of resident enemy aliens from parts of the west vaguely identified as military areas
-9066 affected Italian & German Americans the largest numbers of detainees were buy far Japanese
-This order permitted military commanders to require Japanese Americans to relocate to interior internment camps away from western coastal regions -
Barnard Montgomery
-was a senior British army officer who fought in both wars , during the second war he commended the British eighth army.
-Commanded of the 21st army group for the rest of the campaign in the N.W. Europe. It was essential to success on d-day in 1944- as was his role as ground commander of the Anglo-american forces under Eisenhower -
Douglas MacArthur
-was an American five-star general and field Marshall of the Philippine army.
-He was chief of staff of the U.S army during the 1930s and play a prominent role in the pacific theater during WW2
-Douglas MacArthur led the Island happening
-commander of the allied forces in the Southwest pacific. -
Executive Order 1942
-The document ordered the 9066 Removal of President enemy from the parts of the west
-after bombing Pearl Harbor by the Japanese in 1941 Roosevelt came under increase pressure by military and political -
Higgins Boats
Higgins boat were a landing craft used extensively in amphibious landing in WW2 The crafts were designed by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operations in swamps or marshes -
George Patton
-Led the U.S 7th army in its invasion of Sicily and swept across northern France
-Patton's forces played a key role inde featuing the German counterattack in the battle of the bulge
-Patton died in Germany in December 1945 of injuries sustained in a automobile accident. -
Dwight D Eisenhower
-He was a supreme commander of allied forces
-Led the massive invasion of nazi -occupied Europe that began on D-day (June 6,1944)
-Leading republican convince Eisenhower (then in command of Nato forces in Europe) to run for president. -
George Marshall
-Sectary of state, George C Marshall proposed that massive aid be given to the countries of war-torn Europe to rebuild their economics
-Believed this aid would create strong European allies and trading partners for the U.S
-Plan included aid to Germany + Italy in married contrast to the policies of the voters following WW1
-Plan was successful and benefited the American economy in helping to rebuild war torn Europe -
Omar Bradley 1943
-was a highly distinguished 4 star genral of the U.S army who saw distinguished service in North Africa and Western Europe during WW2
-From the Normardy landings of June 6 1944 through to the nd of the war in Europe , he commanded all U.S ground forces invading Germany from the West.
-Commanded 43 divisions with 1.3 million men. -
Invasion of Normandy (D-Day)
-D-Day affected the war tide for the allies positively because the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitler's dream of the Nazi domination.
-D-Day was the largest air, land, and sea operation undertaken.
-The landing reached the Seine River, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from Northwestern France, effectively concluding the battle of Normandy -
Liberation of concentration camps
-The liberation of the camps pushed towards towards the victory for the allies because they were slowly starting to shut down Hitler's operation of the Nazi takeover. The soviet were the first forces to reach a` concentration camp, Majdanek near Lublin, Poland.
-Due to the rapid Soviet advance, the Germans had burned the camp but the gas chambers were left standing. The soviets also overran the sites of the Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and the Soviets liberated Auschwitz the largest concentration -
Korenmatsu Vs U.S 1944
-1944 was land mark United States supreme court case concerning the constitutionally of executive order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during WW2 regardless of citizenship. -
Potsdam Conference
-The big three soviet leader Joseph Stalin, British prime Minister Winston Churchill replaced on July 26 by prime minster clement Attlee
-Roosevelt Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta to plan the reorganization of Europe at the end of the war agreed on the formation untied nations -
Island Hopping
-Was effecting the tide in favor of the allied powers cause they kept pushing Japanese forces out of the islands through the offensive against the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Archipelago which had marked the beginning of "Island hopping" fought between August 1942 & February 1943, eventually succeed in forcing Japan to Relinquish the Islands -
U.S office and ware information
-Production of pro-allied , anti axis propaganda such as movies and posters to make citizens aware of how they could help in the war effort
-The OWI produced its own radio, programs, released its own newsreels and required that all movies produced during the war contribute in same way to the war effort. -
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Fair Deal 1945-1953
-The new deal was published by president Harry S. Truman and democrats & was intended to pass policies related to Franklin Roosevelt's new deal
-it was intended to set propsells of economic development and Social Welfare
-fair deal included measures made to help aid education tax cut for low-income people increase public housing and immigration deals and so on but unfortunately most bills dont pass
