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Benito Mussolini-Italy
-Fascism was authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy and other Europeans countries after 1919
-Fascist program emphasized intense nationalism productivism anti socialism elitism an the need for a strong leader Mussolini -
Stalin USSR
-Joseph Stalin was a powerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union. He was a dictator who terrorized the population and sent many people to prison and labor camps
-One of the communist leaders greatest task was collectivize farming Stalin created a state owned farms
-While Stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power many of his enemies were shot or sent to Siberia -
Adolph Hitler-Germany
-A dictatorship requires one person and one party to be in control of a nation and a climate of fear
-Personal freedom disappeared in Nazi Germany
-Hitler asked Hinderburg to grant him emergency powers in view of the "Communist Takeover" -
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Advance Technology in WWII
-Torpedoes was used to destroy submarines & ships from long distance because bullets couldn't go far and do a lot of damage
-Bomb raids were used to destroy anything in a certain area such as factories that produce military equipment in WWII
-Wolf packs were German Submarines that had mass attack tactics against convoys. A group of ships, warships & submarines that attack a certain target all at once -
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Volunteerism in WWII (Red Cross)
-(At Home)Began blood donor services in America to produce lifesaving plasma for the armed forces served in hospitals produced emergency supplies collected scrap ran victory garden & maintained training program
-(Overseas)Become the chief providers of relied supplies in Europe served as field directors provided support for troops, operated clubs & were attacked to military hospitals -
Rationing
-Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources & goods
-Rationing items were gasoline, tires, meat, butter & jellies
-People had to use "Rationing Goods" which were issued to each family based on its size -
M1 Semi Auto Rifle
-The design of the M1 allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their German & Japanese counter parts -
Radar
-Battle were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes, ships, or submarines the radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night -
Rosie The Riveter
-Was a cultural icon during the second world war representing the women who worked in factories many who produced munitions or war supplies -
Women in the Military
WACS-Womens Army Crops
-Auxiliary unit
-Women were doing the office things and the men in offices were shipped over seas to fight
-The women did paperwork, supply food, telegrams etc
WAVES-Women accepted for volunteer emergency service in the -Navy
-At the end of WWII the women couldnt stay in the Navy -
Lend Lease Program
-Gave the president the authority to "sell lease lend, or otherwise dispose of any defense article" to any nation whose defense he considered critical to that of the U.S
-Neutrality by claiming that loans were made in the interest of national defense; Goods were not destroyed or lost in battle were to be returned or paid for.
-it allowed the U.S to proved its allies with aid in the form of tanks, planes, ammunition and construction supplies -
War Bonds
-Was to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
-People would buy bonds & the gov promised to reform to them W/ interest after 10yr or more
-Gov needs the $ to pay for war equipment -
Pearl Harbor
-The Japanese Royal Navy launched a surprise attack against the Americans killing over 2,400 Americans and military personal
-Destroyed 18 ships and 32 airplanes
-Roosevelt's famous day of infamy speech was a response to the attack -
Bataan Death March
-The Bataan Death March happened after the U.S Surrender of the Bataan Peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers. Allies prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prison Campos where thousands died from disease, mistreatment and salvation -
Battle of Midway
-The Battle of midway pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since if was one of the most decisive U.S victories against Japan
-The U.S inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese Navy This wars the turning pain of the U.S against Japan -
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Island Hopping
-Island hopping was effecting the tide in favor of the allied powers b/c they kept pushing Japanese forces out of the islands through the offensive against the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Archipelago which had married the beginning of "Island Hopping" fought between August 1942 & February 1943, eventually succeed in forcing Japan to relinguish the island -
Victory Gardens
-As part of the war effort, the government rationed foods like sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs ,coffee meant and canned goods
-the government turned to its citizens and encouraged them to plant "Victory Gardens" -
The Navajo Code Talkers
-Navajo American Indians were recruited by the military to encode, transmit, and decode messages
-The Navajo language was used to develop a code that was not broken by the enemy -
Higgins Boats
-Higgins boat was a landing craft used extensive in amphibious landing in WWII. The craft was designed by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operating in swamps and marches -
Executive Order 9066
-Document ordered the removal of resident enemy from parts of the west.
-After bombing Pearl Harbor by the Japanese in 1941 Roosevelt came under increase pressure by military and political -
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Victory Corps
-The purpose of this student organization was to prepare high school student to aid in the war effort on home front
-Both girls and boys from white & African Americans school participated
-Students participate in a physical fitness program and enroll in a war effort class -
Omar Bradley
-Was a senior officer of the U.S Army
-He was in service in North America and Western Europe during WWII
-He then became General of the 1st American Army to land in France -
George C Marshall
-Throughout the war, general George (1880-1959) acted as Chief of staff and the "Organizer of Victory". He worked close with president Roosevelt to urge military preparedness before Pearl Labor, built up and supplied an army of 8 million men and late helped to oversea the creation of the first atomic bomb -
Dooms Day
-Effected the War tide for the allies positively because the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitlers Dreams of Nazi domination . D-Day was the largest air, land, and sea operation undertaken the landing included over 5k ships, 11k airplanes, and over 150k service men. By the end the allies had reached the Siene River, Paris was liberated and the Germans had been removed from Northwestern France, Effectively concluding the Battle of Normandy -
Korenatsu Vs US
1944 was a land mark US Supreme Court case concerning the constitutionality of executive order 9066, which ordered Japanese Americans into internment camps during WWII regardless of citizenship -
Potsdam Conference
-Participants were the USSR the US and the UK
-Three powers were represented by communist party general secretary Joseph Stalin, Prime Minister Winston Churchill Chiang Kai Shek issued the potsdam deceleration which outlined the terms of surrender of Japan
-Broke Germany into 3 different parts -
Nuclear Weapons
-In July 16,1945 President Harry Truman decided to use the Atomic Bomb against Japan. After bomb were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 Japan surrendered WWII, in which over 70 million people died when it was over -
The U.S & European Countries
-in the U.S the war happened after the Great Depression 30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war. The European countries were left to rebuild. The US lended money to the countries and Germany was the only country to fully pay it back in 1990 -
Women and Minority
-While the men went to fight in the War the women were left to work in the factories. after the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories. After the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories but the women didnt want to give them up. Spuring up the feministic movement. In the war men of color fought along side white men for the first time. When they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial Slurs. Sparking the civil rights movement