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Dorothea lange
Migrant mother is one of a sires of photograph her subject are homeless woman their children and migrant workers her work was funded by federal agencies such as the farm security administration the editor than told the federal authorities whom urged the government to rush did to the camp to prevent starvation. -
Immigrants during the Depression
-With less demand for workers during the depression, white Americans sought after jobs filled by Mexican immigrants.
-Public hostility for Mexicans grew which made it difficult for them to enter the U.S.
-Hoover authorized the Mexican reparation act to send Mexicans back to Mexico due to lack of jobs. -
Stock Market Crash
-The U.S economy had come to depend on that activity. Before the crash, nearly cents of every-dollar loaned in American was used to buy stocks.
-Buying on the Margin is the purchase of an asset by paying the Margin & borrowing the balance from a bank or broker.
B: Return to normalcy. A return to the way of life before WW1.
-Americans first plan
-Meanwhile, president Herbert Hoover urged patience & self-reliance he thought the crisis was just, "a passing incident in our national lives". -
Great Depression
When panicked sellers traded nearly 60 mil. shares on the New York stock exchange.
-Corporation could no longer raise funds
-In 1940 15% was the lowest employment rate
-People had fought for their daily survival. Banks failed and many people were out of work.
-The money supply growth caused by huge international gold influence -
Stock Market Crash
The Stock Market crash of 1929 (Black Tuesday) was largely caused by bad stock market investment, low wages, a crumbling agricultural sector, & high amounts of debt that couldn't be liquidated. Upward trends in the stock market caused many people to invest, $, even if they didn't have the financial assets to back up their investments.
A-Buying on the Margin became so popular that by late 1920's,"90% of the purchase price of the stock was being made with borrowed $." -
Stock Market Crash
That it wasn't the Federal Govts jobs to try & resolve.
C: After the crash people tried to withdraw their $$ from banks. Couldn't because banks invested their $$ in the stock market.
-By 1933, 11,000 of the nations 25,000 banks had failed. -
William Randolph Hearst
-He was a leading supporter of Franklin Roosevelt in 1932, but then broke with FDR & became his most prominent enemy.
-Franklin D. Roosevelt New Deal gave way however to Vigorous opposition to the presidents policies on taxes, trust & labor & Hearst became stridently conservative. -
Period: to
New Deal
Roosevelt blamed the bankers selfishness & financiers for current crisis
-Roosevelt passed through legislation which is hard and less critical times
-All the important bills submitted in these 1st 100 days he explained these New Deal measures as the 3 R's relief, recovery, reform
-The New D change the Gov, how since the New D the Govt. has started to take care of the US, it provides social security & medicare for older people runs the FDIC to insure our banks deposits & lower taxes. -
20th amendment
Sets the dates at which federal government elected offices and also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. Elected officials who had been replaced were office longer than was necessary called "lame duck" period mire the new president from taking in office in February back to January to lesson lame duck period. -
AAA(Agricultural Adjustment Act)
The Agricultural act was created in 1933 to reduce crops surplus and Therefore effectively raised the value of crops.
-To producers who curtailed the output of crops and livestock's.
-The AAA also paid farmers to not grow crops.
-This Act came to be Rivelt's recovery legislation. -
Tennessee Valley Authority
-Built 21 government owned dams along the river
-Controlled floods & produced electricity
-Some feared it as a form of solution -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
-The FDIC provided federal insurance for individual bank accounts of up to $5,000, reassuring millions of bank customers that their money was safe.
-Congress and the president also worked to regulate the stock market, in which people had lost faith because of the crash of 1929.
-The FDIC was part of Roosevelt's New Deal the 3 R's
-Relief
-Recovery
-Reform -
21st Amendment
Many people had simply refused to accept the ban on alcohol. Even president Harding drank alcohol in the white house. Prohibition was repealed by the 21st amendment. The experience of prohibition demonstrated that unpopular laws are sometimes unenforceable. -
Gold Reserve Act
-U.S had a bi-metallic system of money.
-Sliver was also traded.
-Gold standard came to an end in 1933 when Roosevelt issued an Executive order outlawing the ownership of gold besides jewelry.
-Roosevelt wanted people to rely on "Fiat Money" (paper money.) -
Huey Long "Share Our Wealth"
-Was a democratic Governor of Louisiana. Opposed the New Deal Bc he believed Roosevelt's plan didn't help people living in poverty after Great Depression.
-His plan wanted to take money from the wealthy & give to poor
Assassinated Sept 10,1935 -
Reform of the New Deal
-Social security was probably the most important measure of the New deal. It provided workers with unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and insurance if they died early. Workers and their employers each paid New contributions to fund these benefits in part of Roosevelt. -
Migrant Mother
-She focused her photography career on destitute migrant workers, children, & mothers.
-There career helped raise funds by federal agencies. It also helped draw attention to the desperate conditions in rural America and helped to underscore the need for direct relief. -
Judicial procedures reform bill
The reform bill was frequently called the "court packing plan" a legislative initiative proposed by u.s president Franklin d Roosevelt to add more justice to the u.s supreme court. The bill was to increase the # of u.s supreme court justices then to bring in several new justices who would change the balance of opinion on the court. Roosevelt failed many times at attempting to pass the law its failure exposed the limits of Roosevelt abilities to push legislation through direct public appeal. -
Robert Taft
Cooperating with conservative democrat and led the conservative that opposed the New deal. The republican gains in the 1938 elections combined with the creation of the conservative had stopped the expansion of the New deal. Calling for economy in government, a balanced budget and less centralization of power in the nation capital. -
Grapes of wrath
The grape of wrath is an american realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939 an okie is a resident native or cultural descendant of Oklahoma the route 66 the main hwy in the 1930's that connected the great plains to California migrants went to California in hopes to find jobs and to work but when they got there the jobs were taken. -
Dust Bowl
-Drought is a part of a weather cycle, naturally occurring on the Great planes
-Farmers from TX to N.D used tractors to break up the grasslands and plant millions of acres of New Farmland.
-Dust traveled hundreds of miles, Plagued by dust storms and evictions, thousands of farmers and sharecroppers left their land behind.
-By the end of the 1930's hundreds of thousands of farm families had migrated to Cali, Pacific coast states. -
Securities and Exchange Commission
The purpose of the SEC is protection investors from dangerous or illegal financial practices of fraud the issues it addressed was the fact that no one was watching the stock markets the effects of its passage was to prevent another stock market collapse; in doing so it evolved our markets into high-tec trading centers. -
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First Term of Franklin D. Roosevelt
His positive approach and charm help him defeat Herbert Hoover in Nov. 1932.
-Depression was the only issue of consequence in the campaign Americans had to choose between unsuccessful policies from Hoover, who claimed Roosevelt would intensity the disaster.
-The economy was in depression, no jobs or homes Franklin took offices & declared 4 days bank holidays urged Americans to put back holidays.
-Famous quote "Only thing to fear is fear itself" meaning fear only made things worst.