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henry cabot lodge
- he strongly supported both imperialism and a stronger navy
- he was in charge of the congressional committee that was in charger of investigators was against join the league of nations and felt the us would loss its freedom of action
- imperialism a policy of ex trading a country power and influence through diplomacy and military force
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alfred thayer mathan
- mahan influenced the US military policy by the ideas in his book the influence of sea power upon history
- mahans ideas influenced naval power by the US seeking new markes abroad through the navy on the seas and his emphasis upon acquisition of naval basis including assistant secretary of the navy theodor roosevelt
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presidency of stanford b dole
- the US navy use hawaii as a gas station
- he helped overthrow tne queen of hawaii and shortly afterwards he had gotten elected president of Hawaii ehich led to the annexation of hawaii to the US
- he was born in hawaii and his familt developed the pineapple company
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sinking of the uss maine
- the maine was sent to cuba to protect american citizens while the cuba revolutionaries were fighting Spain for independence
- the newspaper writers on blamed Spain for the explosion so there was a public uproar
- many Americans saw this as a chance to seize other overseas possessions and begin building an american empire
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spanish american war
- was a conflict between the US and spain
- the war awas to end spanish colonial rule in the US and a chance for the US to be empire
- it was in the western pacific and latin american like the phillipines samoa guam wake island and cuba
- congress support a modernization program that would make american navy effective and strong
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expaning world power
-in this tme period america changes their view from internal expansion and domestic issues to becoming a global force both economically and military -
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theodore rossevelt rough riders
- assistant secretary of the navy theodore roosevelt raised a volunteer force known as the rough riders acting with other army regiments they defeated spanish forces at san juan hill cuba
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henery cabot lodge
- served as us representative
- imperialism a policy of extending a country power and influence through diplomacy or military force
- supported Spanish american war
- he left that to safeguard its own interest us had to stake out spheres of economic influence
- lodge had influence the senate to expand flect and essential security
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open door policy
- purpose of the policy was to give all nations equal rights when trading with china
- the treaty would oppose any attempts by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china
- this policy was the us attempt towards world power
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presidency of theodore roosevelt
- roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the US after the assassination of mckinley
- roosevelt square deal domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial combinations
- foreign policy was to bring the US out of its isolationism and fill its responsibility as a world power
- after death of garrett hobrt theodore became vice president
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panama canal
- Colombia owned it
- reason they needed the canal was because it provided a new route for international trade and military transport
- zzk people died
- roosevelt sent us worships to panama to protect rebels and toook action after panama gave complete control of A 10 mirship to build the canal
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rossevelt corollary
- was created by theodore roosvelt
- convinced that all of Latin america was vulnerable to european attack
- president roosevelt dusted of the monroe doctrine and added his own corollary
- monroe doctrine blocked further expansion of europe in the western hemisphere roosevelt colorllary
- was used to justify us intervention through the hemisphere
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dollar diplomacy
- was to create stability and order abroad that would best promote american interests
- to improve financial opportunities to use private capital further US interest over seas
- tarft administration concentrated in assisting american businessmen in the protection and expansion of investment and trade especially in latin american and far east if latin american countries did not pay their debt the US gov. sent marines to collect
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world war 11
- central powers of austria hungry germany bulgaria and the ottoman empire
- allied powers are serbia russia france the united kingdom italy belgium and the united states
- the cause of the war the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand at sarajevo on the 28 june 1914
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weapons of total war
submarines u boats
- submarines or u boats were created to fight war in swa
- developed to gain advantage in the warfare
- extremely effective against merchant ships and hindering the allies supply line
mines
- explosive device concealed under water or on ground to destroy or disable enemy targets ranging from comatants to vechicals -
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weapons of total war part 3
- poison gas
- extremely powerful bilstering on its victims it harass and disable the enemy and pollute the battlefield germans had more chance on winning the battle tanks
- lead the charge across no mans land to protect both the vehicles and the men caused by early trench
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weapons of total war part 2
mechine guns
- fully automatic mounted or portable firearm design to fire bullets in a quick succession from an ammuntion belt
- developed for a rapid firing
- one of the most dealist and devastating weapons trench warfare
- method of fighting were opposing armies fought from and defended their territories using a system of dug out trenches
- to contrast a thought out system that underwent revision
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german unrestricted submarine warfare
- germany declared the area around the british isles a war zone which all ships would be attacked by the german navy . a string of attacks on merchant ships followed culminating in the sinking of the lusitania by a german u boat
- the incident promoted u.s president woodrow wilson to send a note to the german gov. demanding an end to german attacks against unarmed merchant ships and the german navy commands did not accept this degree of passivity and continued
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sinking of lusitania
- less than a year after WW1 a german u-boat the RMS a birtish ocean liner route from new york to liver pool England
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sussex pledge
- the susssex pledge was a promise made in 1916 during WW1 by germany to the U.S prior to the latters entry into the war early in 1915 germany had insittuted a policy of unrestricted ships but n ot passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning
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zimmerman telegram
- internal diplomatic communication issued from the germany foregin office in jan 1917
- proposed a militry alliance between germany and mexico
this created 1 of 4 events of the united states entering ww1 against Germany
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espionage act
the act was designed to crush subversion and silence critics of the war. for those convicted of aiding the enemy obstructing military recruitment protesting conscription or say or doing anything to impede the war effort
- the maximum fine was up to 810,000 and 20 years in federal prision -
fourteen point plan
- the fourteen point plan ideas were distributed would wide by the gov. writing for george creel in the american committe on public information
- millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained wilsons plans were distributed to allied nations and dropped from plans above germany
- allies agreed to accept the fourteen points as the basis for the country peace negotiations if wilson would agree to two reservations
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american expeditionary force
- the commanding general was john j pershing
- the aef's nickname was doughboys
- they had more than 500,000-1,000,000 men the aef sustained about 320,000 casualties and 204,000 wounded during the war u.s divisions were deployed with french and British units to gain combat experience by defending relatively quiet sectors of their lines. the aef helped push the allied powers toward victory under the command of general john pershing
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battle of argonne forest
- the aef assembled 6000,000 soldiers plus 40,000 pieces of artillery
- a total of 1.2 million Americans were involved 117,000 were killed or wounded. -fought through the hilly terrain shattered the german line
- final allied offensive of world war 1 that structured along the entire western front to help end the war
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battle of aragonne forest
reason of aragonne forest
- battle in 1918 near the elgin border
- it were 609,000 solders and 40,000 of artillert
- it shattered the german defenders and open a hole in german lines
- was the final and most important battle of the aff
the overall was the several medal of honor awarded at the battle -
alvin york
- he was said to kill over 20 german soldiers and captures an additional 132 at the head of a small detachement in the argonne forest near the meuse river in France
- the german commander had underestimated the size of the enemy squadorn surrendered his garrison some 90 men
- york was awarded the highest american military decoration the congressional medal of honor
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supreme court
- issue : the first amendment violated when congress makes a law punishes opinions against the war
- congress passed a law called the esponage act which said that during wartime obstructing the draft was crime
- the court ruled that there is limits to free speech free speech is not protected from falsely should fire i crowded theater and causing panic the first amendment did not protect words that create a clear and present danger
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treaty of versailes
- the treaty terms was germany to take the blame germany had to give up land and 4 other countries germany to pay for all reparations and the germany army was limited to 100,000 men the league of nations was created
- the us saw this treaty as an unfair punishment so woodrow wilson proposed 14 points
- the us was offered to join the league but turned it down because of foregin affairs so the us went into isolation untill the stock market crash
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scheck v u.s
- when america entered world war 1 congress passed a law called the espionage act violating the first amendment schneck was convited for distributing literature that encouraged men to resist the draft schneck clamied his first amendment right to freedom of speech had been violated supremem court ruled that there were limits to free speech like falsely shooting fire in a croweded theater and casuing first amendment did nit protect words that creat clear and present danger
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schenck v united states
- he distributed thousands of flyers to americans servicemen recently drafted to fight in WW1 the flyers asserte that the draft amounted to involuntary servitude and that the war itsself was motivated by capitalist greed and urged draftees to petition for repeal of the draft
- the courts ruling was schneck got sent to jail for six months
- his speech created a clear and present danger of insubordination in wartime and was a man who cries fire in a crowded theater causing a panic
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league of naations
- the treaty created the league of nations an organization of nations pledged to defend each other against aggressors
- the us congress denied president wilsons 14 points along with the league of nations
- the league was severly weaken when several major powers such as the us and russia failed to join it
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warfare
canned food
- french directory decided that something needed to be done about the military food supply
- food last longer it was relatively easy to mass produce and deliver