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Hernandez v. Texas (1954)
In Hernandez v. Texas, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment applied to all racial and ethnic groups facing discrimination, effectively broadening civil rights laws to include Hispanics and all other non-whites. -
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that U.S. state laws establishing racial segregation in public schools are unconstitutional, even if the segregated schools are otherwise equal in quality. -
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits “unreasonable searches and seizures,” is inadmissible in state courts. -
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
ruled (9–0) that states are required to provide legal counsel to indigent defendants charged with a felony. -
Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)
Escobedo made statements that were later used against him, resulting in him being found guilty. Though the conviction was upheld by the Illinois Supreme Court, the United States Supreme Court overturned the conviction in part because the police violated Escobedo's rights under the Sixth Amendment. -
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Court ruled that detained criminal suspects, prior to police questioning, must be informed of their constitutional right to an attorney and against self-incrimination. Miranda was convicted of both rape and kidnapping and sentenced to 20 to 30 years in prison -
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Tinker v. Des Moines is a historic Supreme Court ruling from 1969 that cemented students' rights to free speech in public schools. Mary Beth Tinker was a 13-year-old junior high school student in December 1965 when she and a group of students decided to wear black armbands to school to protest the war in Vietnam. -
Warren Court (1953- 1969)
The Warren Court expanded civil rights, civil liberties, judicial power, and the federal power in dramatic ways.
