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Frances Willard
Frances Willard was an educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Her influence continued in the next decades, as the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution were adopted. -
Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States. It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. -
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan was an American orator and politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party. -
The Great Migration
The Great Migration was the relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, Midwest and West from about 1916 to 1970. -
Jazz Music
African American jazz culture had an amazing influence upon popular culture in the 1920s due to the availability of these recordings to white, upper middle class listeners. -
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First Red Scare
The First Red Scare was a period during the early 20th-century history of the United States marked by a widespread fear of Bolshevism and anarchism, due to real and imagined events. -
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Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was the moment when African Americans decidedly promoted themselves as equals and relevant to the American culture. -
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Prohibition
Prohibition, or the 17th amendment which banned the sale and consumption of alcohol, was the only amendment to ever be repealed in American history. -
Tin Pan Alley
Tin Pan Alley is the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. -
Warren G. Harding's "Return to Normalcy"
Return to normalcy, a return to the way of life before World War I, was US presidential candidate Warren G. Harding's campaign slogan for the election of 1920. -
Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes was one of the most important writers and thinkers of the Harlem Renaissance. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1921 to 1922, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. -
Marcus Garvey
Marcus Garvey was a proponent of Black nationalism in Jamaica and especially the United States. He was a leader of a mass movement called Pan-Africanism and he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. -
Clarence Darrow
Clarence Darrow was an American lawyer, a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
The Scopes Monkey Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach evolution in schools. -
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism was a sociological theory popular in late nineteenth-century Europe and the United States. It merged Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection and Herbert Spencer's sociological theories to justify imperialism, racism, and laissez-faire social and economic policies. -
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Lindbergh was a famous aviator. In 1927 he became the first man to successfully fly an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean. -
Stock Market Crash "Black Tuesday"
Black Tuesday was when panicked sellers traded nearly 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange, and the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell -12%. Black Tuesday is often cited as the beginning of the Great Depression. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was an American captain of industry and a business magnate. As the owner of the Ford Motor Company, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with Fordism: mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. -
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The Great Depression
The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. -
Dorothea Lange
Dorothea Lange was an American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt, the 32nd First Lady of the United States, advocated for expanded roles for women in the workplace, the civil rights of African Americans and Asian Americans, and the rights of World War II refugees. -
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The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl, also known as the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s. -
The New Deal
The New Deal was a series of federal programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression. -
20th Amendment
The 20th amendment is a simple amendment that sets the dates at which federal government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. This amendment was ratified on January 23, 1933. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II, greatly expanding the powers of the federal government through a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal. -
Tennessee Valley Authority
The Tennessee Valley Authority is a federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter on May 18, 1933, to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development to the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression. -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
The FDIC was an agency created in 1933—during the depths of the Great Depression—to protect bank depositors and ensure a level of trust in the American banking system. -
21st Amendment
The 21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol on January 16, 1919. The Twenty-first Amendment was ratified on December 5, 1933. -
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“Relief, Recovery, Reform"
Roosevelt's basic philosophy of Keynesian economics manifested itself in what became known as the three "R's" of relief, recovery and reform. The programs created to meet these goals generated jobs. -
Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)
The SEC was created during the Great Depression with the passage of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which was designed to bolster confidence in capital markets by providing investors with reliable information and by requiring that individuals and corporations deal with each other honestly. -
Social Security Administration (SSA)
The SSA was created by Franklin D. Roosevelt which provided for unemployment insurance, old-age insurance, and means-tested welfare programs.