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Period: 1784 BCE to 1784 BCE
The Code of King Hammurabi
The king who rules among the kings of the cities am I. My words are well considered; there is no wisdom like mine.
195. If a son strike his father, his hands shall be hewn off. 196. If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. 197 If he break another man's bone, his bone shall be broken.
Laws of justice which Hammurabi, the wise king, established ... Hammurabi, the protecting king am I. -
Period: 1215 to 1215
King John 1: Magna Carta
No bailiff (policy officer) for the future shall, upon his own unsupported complaint, put anyone to his “law,” without credible witnesses brought for this purpose. No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised (injured) or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice. -
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John Locke: Concerning Civil Government
The natural liberty of man is to be free from any superior power on earth, and not to be under the will or legislative authority of man, but to have only the law of nature for his rule. The liberty of man in society is to be under no other legislative power but that established by consent in the commonwealth; nor under the dominion of any will or restraint of any law, but what that legislative shall enact according to the trust put in it... -
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
- The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may exercise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
- Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law.
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Amendment XV to Constitution of the United States
Amendment XV. Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, colour, or previous condition of servitude. -
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New Zealand: Election Act
An Electoral Bill containing provisions on women’s suffrage (the right of women to vote in an election) was introduced by Richard Seddon in June. During debate, there was a majority support for the enfranchisement of Maori, as well as Pakeha, women. The Electoral Act gave all women in New Zealand the right to vote. -
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United Nations Declaration of Human Rights
The General Assembly Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of... -
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European Member States
The Union (of European nations) shall set itself the following objectives: Resolved to mark a new state in the process of European Communities. Recalling the historic importance of the ending of the division of the European continent and the need to create firm bases for the construction of the future Europe. Confirming their attachment to the principles of liberty, democracy, and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the rule of law. Desiring to enhance further the...