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Establishment of Holy Roman Empire
Ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favor of the princes, especially under Habsburg rule. In its last centuries, its character became quite close to a loose union of territories. (city-states) -
Period: 224 to Apr 8, 651
Sasanid Empire
Iranian Empire with a capital in Ctesiphon, Mesopotomia. the Sasanid emperors established Zoroastrianism as the state religion. Islamic Arab armies overthrew the empire. Zoroastrianism was made by prophet Zoroaster. -
Period: 250 to
Mayan Civilization
Noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, a Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar. -
Period: 306 to Apr 8, 1453
Constantinople
Constantinople was capital of the Byzantine Empire, the eastern part of the Roman Empire moved by Constantine over the already existing city called Byzantium. In 1453 it fell to the Ottoman turks who then called it Istanbul. -
Period: 306 to Apr 8, 1453
Byzantine Empire
Under Holy Roman Emperor, Constantine, the center/ capital was moved to the eastern part of empire after the collapse of the western side. The eastern half survived for 1,000 years, it collapsed in 1453 by the Ottomans. -
Apr 8, 610
Foundation of Islam
Its a monothesic religion believe on the Qur'an and Allah. Founded when Muhammad was given the revelations as he prayed in Mecca to only then move to Medina.Muslims view Muhammad as the restorer of the original, uncorrupted monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. In Muslim tradition, Muhammad is viewed as the last in a series of prophets. -
Apr 8, 632
Split between Sunni and Shi'ite
The split was caused by Shias believeing that no one should be before Ali in the caliphate since they are of no direct blood relations. Sunnis regarded him as the last caliphate. -
Period: Apr 8, 661 to Apr 8, 750
Umayyad Caliphate
First heredity dynasty of Muslim caliphs. From their capital at Damascus, the Umayyads ruled an empire that extended from Spain to India. Overthrown by the Abbasid Empire. -
Period: Apr 8, 711 to
Muslims conquer Spain
Islam has had a fundamental presence in the culture and history of the nation. During the Umayyad period, with an invasion by an army that consisted largely of Berber Northwest Africans-who were soon defeated in France. -
Period: Apr 8, 750 to Apr 8, 1513
Abbasid Caliphate
Descendants of the Prophet Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas, the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad Empire and ruled an Islamic empire from their capital in Baghdad.During this period the Muslim world became the unrivaled intellectual center for science, philosophy, medicine and education as the Abbasids championed the cause of knowledge and established the House of Wisdom in Baghdad -
Period: Apr 8, 1071 to Apr 8, 1325
Seljuk Turks
Were a Turkish tribe from Central Asia and poured into Persia. They established an enlightened tolerant government in Central Anatolia.Today, they are remembered as great patrons of Persian culture, art, literature, and language and are regarded as the cultural ancestors of the Western Turks – Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan inhabitiants. -
Period: Apr 8, 1095 to Apr 8, 1272
Crusades
Were a series of religiously sancationed military campigns, waged by Roman Catholic Europe. Some Crusades were to restore Christian control in the Holy Land. Soliders who perciptated were granted a plenary indulgence. -
Period: Apr 8, 1174 to Apr 8, 1193
Saladin
..was a Kurdish Muslim, who became the Ayyubid Sultan of Egypt and Syria. He soon then led Islamic opposition to the Franks and other European Crusaders in the Levant. At the height of his power, he ruled over Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Hejaz, and Yemen -
Period: Apr 8, 1200 to Apr 8, 1573
Inca Civilization
Largest and most powerful Andean (peru) empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco. -
Period: Apr 8, 1206 to Apr 8, 1527
Delhi Sultanate
Time that covered the 5 short lived kingdoms in medieval India. The last one was replaced by the Mughal dynasty. This period ushered a period of Indian Cultral Reniassance. Resulting in "Indo Muslim" fusion of culture. -
Period: Apr 8, 1206 to Apr 8, 1324
Genghis Klan
He came into power by uniting many nomadic tribes. He started Mongol invasions that would ultimately result in the conquest of most of Eurasia. These campaigns were often accompanied by wholesale massacres of the civilian populations. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire had most of China and Central Asia -
Period: Apr 8, 1206 to Apr 8, 1324
Mongol Invasion
The Mongol Empire was first established by Genghis Khan, who conquered areas threw raiding and brutal military tactics. They conquered Central Asia, the Middle East, East Asia, and they got as far as Romania in Europe. -
Apr 8, 1215
Magna Carta
Is one of the most celebrated documents in English history. In the longer term, it is recognised as a cornerstone of the idea of the liberty of citizens. This doucment gave English certain rights to up rise towards the king. -
Period: Apr 8, 1247 to Apr 8, 1521
Aztec Civilization
In 1521, the fall of the Aztec by famine, and Spanish conquistador rule-Hernan Cortes. The aztec defeat the triple alliance and Tenochtitlan. The sopke the Nahuatl language. Also known as Mexica, the Aztecs created a powerful empire in central Mexico. They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax. Sun god-Ham.... -
Period: Apr 8, 1250 to Apr 8, 1517
Mamluks
A type of solider of slave origin. Began in Abbasid Caliphs. A great political importance and was long lived. Once a powerful military caste in most Muslims societies. The Mumluk Sultanate famously beat the Mongols and fought back the Crusaders, -
Period: Apr 8, 1312 to Apr 8, 1337
Mansa Musa
Ruler of Mali. His pilgrimage through Egypt and Mecca in 1324-25 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. Established Timbuktu as apart of his empire and soon became a center of islamic trade and culture. -
Period: Apr 8, 1337 to Apr 8, 1453
Hundred Years' War
Were a series of wars waged by the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, for the Fench throne. The conflict ended by years of peace and expulsion of Planatagenets. Victory of Valois -
Period: Apr 8, 1340 to
Ghana-Mali-Songhai Kingdom
Ghana-Trade was an essential element in the rise and fall- GOLD. Were invaded by Almoravids. Mali- famous for weaving, mining, and architecture. It was better in wealth and power than Ghana. Civil wars reduced its power. Songhai- Largest and most powerful of all 3. Famous for progress in education. Lost control of their center of learning -
Period: Apr 8, 1368 to
Ming
An empire established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire. Yongle (Emperor) sponsored the building of the Forbidden City and the voyages of Zheng He. After, the Ming saw a slowdown in technological development and economic decline. Zong Huh, burned him and his stuff because of the things and ideas he brought back to china.SILVER -
Period: Apr 8, 1370 to Apr 8, 1405
Timur
Through conquest, he gained control over much of Central Asia and Iran. He consoliated the status of Sunni Islam as orthodox, and his descendants, the Timurids, maintained his empire for nearly a century, and soon founded the Mughal Empire in India. -
Period: Apr 8, 1371 to Apr 8, 1435
Zheng He
An imperial eunuch-entrusted by Yongle (Ming Emperor) with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. When he returned, the Chinese were angered and shocked about the new world. -
Apr 8, 1436
Gutenburg Press
Or Movable Type-started the printing revolution. It uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document continuously. -
Period: Apr 8, 1440 to
Renaissance
A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, "rebirth" of Greco-Roman culture. Being in Florence and spreading onward to the rest of Europe. -
Period: Apr 8, 1452 to Apr 8, 1505
Ivan III
Also-Ivan the Great- Grand prince of Moscow. Sometimes referred to as the gatherer of russian land. He tripled the territory for his state. He also laid foundations of the Russian state. -
Period: to
Sui Empire
A Chinese empire founded by Wen of Sui. During his reign he saw the renuification of north and south china, and what was contrusted was the Grand Canal -
Period: to
Tang Empire
Empire that Unified China and part of Central Asia, The Tang emperors presided over a magnificent court at their capital, Chang'an. They had meritocracy, where you had the poistion you earned, established by civil service exams. Tribute states and protectorate system. Woodblock printing. -
Period: to Apr 8, 1126
Song Empire
First gov, to issue paper money, joint stock companies, urband migration, woodblock printing to Movable Type. Religious freedom. Empire in central and southern China while the Liao people controlled the north. Its distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics. -
Period: to
Charlemagne
Also known as Charles the Great, a medieval emperor who ruled most of Western europe. He was king of the Franks (Germanic people) he tried to unite them and convert them to christianity.Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans. He encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual revival in Europe -
Period: to Apr 8, 1349
Kievan Russia
State established at Kiev in Ukraine by Scandinvian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly slavic farming population, the collapse of Rus'-commercial ties to Byzantium due to the decline of Constantinople, the drying up of trade routes and the subsequent Mongol invasion of Rus'. Control had to be moved to Moscow.