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The Labour Party was formally established
Its beginnings dated from 1874, as part of the trade union movement. -
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The First World War
Aug 1914-Britain declared the war when German troops broke into Belgium's neutrality
1914-the french and british army were fortunate to hold back the german army at the River Marne
1 July 1916-Britain attacked German positions on the River Somme
1916-the battle of Jutland-Admiral Jellicoe drove the german fleet back into harbour
1917-at Passchendaele the British army advanced 5 miles -
The "Easter Rising"
The republicans, who want full independence, rebelled in Dublin. It was quickly put down and most irish dissaproved of it. -
The right to vote for some women (1930 over)
1) john Stuart Mill had tried unsuccessfully to include votes for women in the 1867 Reform Bill.
2) the "suffragettes" - women who treated men as they treated them
3) During the war women took men 's places in the factories
4) Women started to wear lighter clothing, shorter hair and skirts, began to smoke and drink openly -
The treaty of Versailles
So, Germany lost colonies, coal mines territories and paid $32 bln as reparations -
The Anglo-Irish Treaty
1) Southern Ireland was independence, but Northern Ireland should remain united with Britain. So, Irelan was divided.
2) It led to civil war between the Irish themselves.
3) By this treaty the new "Irish Free State" accepted continued British use of certain ports, the sovereignty of the British Crown, and the loss of Northern Ireland. -
The first Labour government was created
The Labour Party was not "socialist". Its leaders wanted to develop a kind of socialism. -
The Liberal Party completely disappeared
Liberals with traditional capitalist ideas on the economy joined
the Conservative Party, while most Liberal "reformers" joined the Labour Party. -
Plaid Cymry - the party of "fellow countrymen"
Plaid Cymry was created in 1925. It was a welsh nationalist party, which became a strong political force in the 1970s. But Welsh nationalism lost suppott in 1979 when the people of Wales turned down the government's offer of limited self-government. -
Fiana Fail was formed
The group of the republicans created a new party, which won th election of 1932. -
The general strike
It was a coalminers' strike, which ended after nine days, because members worked to keep services like transport, gas and electricity going. It also ended because of uncertainty among the trade union leaders. -
the 1930s - the British economy started to recover
1) A new kind of development depended on Britain's growing motor industry.
2) Towns had been changed by the building of new homes near the railway
3) By 1937 British industry was producing weapons, aircraft and equipment for war. -
Period: to
The Great depression affected Britain most severely
1) Over three million workers were unemployed.
2) The depression in Germany destroyed Britain's second most important market from before the war. -
On Christmas Day
George V used the new BBC radio service to speak to all peoples of the Commonwealth and the empire. -
The Scottish Nationalist Party
The SNP became the second party in Scotland. When Scotland was offered the same limited furm of self-government as Wales, just over half of those who voted supported it. But the government abandoned the self-government offer. -
George V celebrated his Silver Jubilee
So, he drove through crowded streets of cheering people in the poorest parts of London. -
The monarcy expierenced a serious crisis
It was happened, because Edward Vlll gave up the throne in order to marry a divorced woman. -
Southern Ireland was a republic
The new Prime Minister, Eamon de Valeta, began to undo the Treaty of 1921 and in 1937 declared southern Ireland a republic. -
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The Second World War
1) In Sept 1939 Germany invaded Poland, and Britain entered the war.
2) At Dunkirk the British army was saved by thousands of private boats. - Churchill: "a victory of courage and determination at Britain's darkest hour".
3) 1940 - the battle of Britain - the British air force won an important battle against German planes in the air over Britain.
4) 1941- Germany attacked the USSR and Japan attacked the USA - it were mistakes -
Period: to
The Second World War
1) By 1943 the Soviet army was pushing the Germans out of the USSR, and Britain had driven German and Italian troops out of North Africa.
2) In 1944 Britain and the United States invaded German occupied France. They had already started to bomb German towns.
3) 6,9 Aug 1945 -The USA and Britain used the new atomic bombs to destroy most of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, two large Japane se cities. -
The government promissed free secondary education for all
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Iraq was independent
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The loss of empire
500 million people in former colonies became completely self-governing. In some countries, like Kenya, Cyprus and Aden, British soldiers fought against local people. Other countries became independent more peacefully. -
The New National Health Service
A Labour government brought in a new National Health Service, which gave everyone the right to free medical treatment. -
Period: to
The Cold War
The Cold War was a period of ideological and geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union -
The Brittish left India
It was the result of a growing nationalist movement, skilfully led by Mahatma Gandhi, which successfully disrurbed British rule. India divided into a Hindu stare and a smaller Muslim state called Pakistan. -
Britain left Palestine
It was happened, because it was unable to keep its promises to both the Arab inhabitants and the new Jewish settlers. -
The National Assistance Act
The National Assistance Act provided financial help for the old, the unemployed and those unable to work through sickness. Mothers and children also received help. -
Ceylon became independent
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Period: to
The Sovier Union tried to capture West Berlin
As a result of the struggle for West Berlin , opposing alliances were formed: the North Atlantic Treaty Organization of the Western nations, and the Warsaw Pact of the Eastern bloc. -
Britain became a member of the Council of Europe
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Elizabeth ll became queen
When Elizabeth 11 became queen, the monarchy has steadily increased in popularity. -
The first nuclear energy power station in the world was built
Britain's leadership in nuclear power resulted in the development of nuclear weapons. It led to the building of the first nuclear energy power station in the world in 1956. -
The Suez Crisis
Until 1956 Britain had controlled the Suez Canal, but Egypt decided to take it over. Britain attacked Egypt, but the rest of the world disapproved of Britain's action and forced Britain to remove its troops from Egypt. -
The UK took American "Polaris" nuclear missiles for submarines.
The possession of these weapons gave Britain, in the words of one Prime Minister, the right "to sit at the top of the table" with the Superpowers. -
Period: to
Nothern Ireland
1) In 1969, Ulster people began to gather on the streets and
demand a fairer system.
2) Republicans who wanted to unite Ireland turned this civil rights movement into a narionalist rebellion against British rule.
3) British soldiers were sent to help the police and in 1972 the Northern Ireland government was removed and was replaced with direct rule from London. -
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The years of discontent
Britain suddenly began to slip rapidly behind its European neighbours economically. This was the result of a new and unpleasant experience, a combination of rising prices and growing unemployment. -
Britain joined the European Community
After becoming a member, Britain 's attitude towards the European Community continued to be unenthusiastic. -
The Sex Discrimination Act of 1975
It became unlawful to treat women differently from men in matters of employment and pay -
Margaret Thatcher had been elected
She was the first woman Prime Minister in Britain. Margarer Thatcher had come to power calling on the nation for hard work, patriotism and self-help. She wanted free trade at home and abroad, individual enterprise and less government economic protection or interference. -
Britain joined the United States in boycotting the Moscow Olympic
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A society of "two nations"
Thatcher government had created a more unequal society, one wealthy, and the other poor. The division was also geographical, between prosperous suburban areas, and neglected in ner city
areas of decay. -
The "Social Democratic Party"
Four senior right-wing members left the patty to form their own
"Social Democratic Party" in 1981, in alliance with the small but surviving Liberal Patty.
By March 1982 the new "Alliance" was gaining ground both from the
Conservative and Labour patties. -
The Falklands war
Britain went to war to take back the Falklands after an Argentinian invasion. In spite of the great distance involved, British forces were able to carry out a rapid recapture of the islands. The operation was very popular in Britain, perhaps because it suggested that Britain was still a world power. -
In Britain was a clear economic shift towards service industries
Britain had become a net importer of manufactured goods. -
The disaster in Brussels
British football crowds became feared around the world. In 1984 an English crowd was mainly responsible for a disaster in Brussels in which almost forty people were killed. -
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The miners went on strike
Steel mills and coal mines were closed. In 1984 the miners refused to accept the closing of mines, and went on strike. After a year of violence during which miners fought with the police the strike failed -
The Hillsborough agreement (the Anglo-Irish agreement)
It was a formal agreement that Britain and Ireland would
exchange views on Northern Ireland regularly -
The arrival of immigrants in Britain
There were about five million recent immigrants and their children out of a total population of about fifty-six million. The immigrants were willing to do dirty or unpopular work, in factories, hospitals and other workplaces.
The old nineteenth-century city centres in which black immigrants had settled were areas with serious physical and economic problems. In the 1980s bad housing and unemployment led to riots in Liverpool, Bristol and London -
The election of 1987
The 1987 election brought some comfort, however, to two underrepresented groups. In 1987 this figure more than doubled to forty-one women MPs. Blacks and Asians gained four seats, the largest number they had ever had in Parliament. -
Rule by Westminster Parliament
In Britain were people who disliked the centralised power of Westminster, which had increased in the Thatcher years. -
The Channel Tunnel was officially opened
The rail tunnel between England and France that runs beneath the English Channel. -
Hong Kong
The brittish government gave Hong Kong under the leadership of the Chinese rule
