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The Hydrophone
Hydrophones covert acoustic energy into electrical energy, and is used for underwater navigation for submarines and iceburgs. The idea of a hydrophone was developed during WW1 and when the Titanic sank. They are used below their resonance frequency which provides a smooth output.Hydrophones are known as the “first transducers" References:
"Hydrophone." Hydrophone. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2013
http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/hydrophone.html -
Use of Ultrasound in Therapy
Used as a physical therapy treatment on a soccer team in Europe. Also used for sterilization of vaccines, and as an arthritis treatment. Ultrasound was seen as a cure-all Reference:
"Ultrasound History." Ultrasound History. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2013
http://www.radiologytoday.net/archive/rt_120108p28.shtml -
Ultrasound in Medical Diagnosis
Neurologist Karl Dussik was the first to use ultrasound for medical diagnosis. Attempted to detect brain tumors by transmitting an ultrasound beam through a patients skull. He used an ultrasound emitter at one end and an ultrasound receiver at the other end of the patients head. The patient stayed between the two devices and the ultrasound beam transmission was measured between the patients head
Reference:
"First Use of Diagnostic Ultrasound." First Use of Diagno
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A-Mode Ultrasound
A-mode(Amplitude) is a method of displaying echoes acquired in 1 dimension in which depth is represented along 1 axis and an echo amplitude is displayed along a perpendicular axis. A-mode ultrasound equipment was developed to help aid the detection of gallstones Reference:
"History Timeline." History Timeline. AIUM, Feb. 2000. Web. 05Apr. 2013.
http://www.aium.org/aboutUs/history/timeline.aspx -
M-Mode Ultrasound
M-mode (Motion) is a method of display in which tissue interface position is displayed along 1 axis and time is displayed along a second axis. M-mode is used to display echocardiographic data in which heart wall motion and valve motion are displayed as functions of time. Reference:
"Ultrasound History." Ultrasound History. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2013.
http://www.radiologytoday.net/archive/rt_120108p28.shtml
http://library.wolfram.com/examples/echocardiogram/Images/index_gr_2.gif -
Development of Echocardiography
First echocardiogram completed through an echo test conducted from a Siemens shipyard. The ultrasonic pulse-echo technique was first used for nonmilitary purposes for the detection of flaws in metals. Later, this technique was used primarily for the preoperative study of mitral stenosis and diagnosis of mitral regurgitation. Reference:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2170493/
http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0301562999000563-gr18.jpg -
Ultrasound in OB/GYN
Ultrasound was introduced to the OB/GYN medical field. It began with distinguishing between cysts, fibroids and any other intra abdominal tumors. A fetal head was then clearly demonstrated through ultrasound echos. The measurements from the fetal head were applied to the rest of the fetal body measurements and it became a standard procedure of pregnant women.
Reference:
"History of Ultrasou
http://www.ob-ultrasound.net/history1.html
http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/visibleembryos/s7/7_2_Box_Lancet.jpg -
Pulsed Doppler
Imaging blood flow through the chambers and different depths of the heart. Developments including the continuous wave Doppler, spectral wave Doppler and color Doppler ultrasound instruments were discovered. Reference:
"Ultrasound History." Ultrasound History. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2013
http://www.radiologytoday.net/archive/rt_120108p28.shtml
http://www.aium.org/images/timeline/1970_3e.jpg -
Development of 3-D
3-D ultrasound was developed and 3-D images were captured of a fetus. A 3D ultrasound is acquired by emitting high-frequency sound waves. Researchers in Scotland began working on a multiplanar scanner. As computers developed, a true 3D ultrasound became more feasible. In 1984, the first concrete work on a Japanese 3D ultrasound began, and was successful by 1986. -WiseGeek Reference:
McGuigan, Brendan, and Bronwyn Harris. WiseGeek. Conjecture
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-3d-ultrasound.htm -
Development of 4-D (Real Time) / Ultrasound Progression
4-D ultrasound (real time) was developed . Ultrasound guided biopsies were also beginning to develop into everyday practice. Due to the fact that 4D machines create a higher quality image, there is some concern that the energy level used by them may be higher, although this has not been proven. -WG Reference:
"History of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Parts 1-3." History of Ultra
http://www.crazycurrys.com/PREGNANCY/crue3d30.jpg
http://www.radiologytoday.net/archive/rt_120108p28.shtml -
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2D / 3D / 4D Ultrasound Today - Video
