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Period: to
Frontiers of knowledge
in order to translate papers written by intended for scientist engaged in original research at the frontiers of knowledge the translator must himself be familiar with those frontiers -
Literacy
UNESCO reported that nearly two-thirds of engineering literature appears in English but more than two-thirds of the world’s professional engineers cannot read English -
UNESCO Translation
Text requiring translation, but not only as regards, their special subject content but also as regards types of document each type calling for more or less different treatment -
UNESCO Industrial aplications
Documents relating to engennering and industrial applications contracts and specifications for works -
Herbert
the approach employed by Herbert varies at particular points significantly -
Conferences
The Ewer and Latorre’s conferences where the greater part of the contracts take place through the medium of English -
The materials
The kind of materials that such an approach results in are typified by Ewer and Larorre’s Basic Scientific English -
Materials in relation with knowledge
Materials based on such an approach unwontedly can serve some of the language needs of the student for which they are intended, those which have to do with knowledge of the code features of the language system -
Jordan and McKay
Jordan and Mckay describe in considerable detail the functional skills employed by overseas postgraduate students studying in the U.K Universities -
Translation as pedagogic tool
Allen and Widdowson said that “translation” is a particular kind can be a useful pedagogic tool in an EST Programme. This particular kind of “translation” has been called “Information transfer” -
Devices of the language
Allen and Widdowson handle that the formal devices of the language which enable a user to crate and combine sentences and the ability to recognize how sentences are used in the performance of acts of communications, the ability to understand the rhetorical functioning of language in use -
"The language teacher"
Widdowson says that “the language teacher” should be adapted at drawing insights from a wide spectrum of enquiry and to exploit them for his own purposes in order to arrive at the synthesis based on pedagogic principles
