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Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy—and came to advance ideals like liberty, progress, tolerance, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state.[4][5] In France the central doctrines of the Enlightenment philosophers were individual liberty and religious toleran -
Haitian Independence
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Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish Throne
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Spanish King returns to the Throne
However, in his absence elites (penns and creoles) in LA had been enjoying their autonomy (refused allegiance to Bonaparte's bro) and his (Fernandos) attempts to reclaim power were rejected, growing support for independence -
Pedro the 1st sets up independent kingdon in Brazil
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Mexican Independence from Spain
Augustin de Iturbide becomes emperor o Mexico 1822-1823 -
Central America Independence
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Monroe Doctrine
"Monroe Doctrine" itself was coined in 1850, but was mentioned in a speech but James Monroe. Said that America would not seize any of the newly independent territories but would not allow “them to be transfered to any power, with indifferenece” -
1838-1840 Central American Republic dissolves
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Start of Mexican American War
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Peruvian Gunao Era
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1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico cedes territory to the US -
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Maximillion Reign seocnd empire of Mexico
Benito Juarez was pres, then monarchy, then BJ pres again. French invaded in 1861, at the will of Nap 111 -
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Porifiato
Diaz's strategy of export-oriented growth led to Mexico's rapid integration into the world economy.The modernization program was based on exploitation of the country's natural resources, using cheap domestic labor and foreign capital and technology for export production..railroads and mining. Diaz remained in power by rigging elections and censoring the press -
Spanish American War
McKinley signed off on Congressional resolution authorizing force and telling Spaniards to leave the island during ongoing revolts for independence. Declare war, US sends Naval forces (mahanian imperialism) . Treaty of Paris gives temp control of Cuba as well as Pr Phillipines and guam -
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Cuba as an American Protectorate
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Teddy Roosavelt PRes
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Panama gains Independence assisted by US
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Roosavelt Corollary
While the Monroe Doctrine had sought to prevent European intervention, the Roosevelt Corollary was used to justify US intervention throughout the hemisphere. The Roosevelt Corollary took the MD further to say he had the right to exercise military force in Latin American countries to keep European countries out. Was born after a naval blockade by Europe of the indebted Venezuela. -
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Building of Panama Canal
the U.S. held a swath of land running the approximately 50 miles across the isthmus of Panama.Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty allowed the U.S. to build the Panama Canal and provided for perpetual control of a zone five-miles wide on either side of the canal. -
Taft-Dollar Diplomacy
To promote US economic interests and secure hegemony through economic means. I.E. the panama canal -
Mexican Revolution
Social inequality grew under the liberal Porifiriato, famine and poor crops excaberated this, debt peonage and hacienda system, no social investment, illiteracy. Armed conflict ousted P, put in Madero. Madero assassinated by Huerta, started Revo. Panch Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Carranza -
United States Marines occupied Nicaragua from 1912 to 1933
1909, the United States ga support to Conservative-led forces rebelling against President Zelaya (pres for 20 years). On November 18, 1909, U.S. warships were sent to the area after 500 revolutionaries (including two Americans) were executed by order of Zelaya. Zelaya resigned later that year.1927 until 1933, Augusto César Sandino led a sustained guerrilla war. Finally got the president to negotiate a settlement, but was assassinated by Somoza. -
Elected of Woodrow Wilsosn
Promoted nonaggression in LA, but at the same time imposed a protectorate and a puppet government upon Haiti in 1915 and a military occupation of the Dominican Republic in 1916, also Nicaragua as a protectorate -
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World WAR I
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Great Depression
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Good Neighbor Policy
Noninterventionist policy of FDR
Good Neighbor Policy terminated the U.S. Marines occupation of Nicaragua in 1933 and occupation of Haiti in 1934, led to the annulment of the Platt Amendment by the Treaty of Relations with Cuba in 1934, and the negotiation of compensation for Mexico's nationalization of foreign-owned oil assets in 1938. Ended at the end of WWII as policy turned to cold war -
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FDR Presidency
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Somoza family rules Nicaragua
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World War II
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Costa Rica Civil War
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National Security Council document “NSC-68”
described an expanding Communist menace and urged huge increases in military expenditures. *goerge kennan who illustrated the policy of containment thought that NSC went too far -
Cuban Revolution
Revolution against US supported Fulgencio Batista, had been going on since 1953. Intention of independent, progressive Cuba before became a communist/vanguardist state -
CACM
united CA accept Panama for preferential -
Bay of Pigs
1960 eisenhower allocated $13.1 million to the CIA to plan Castro's overthrow (though the plan to overthrow Castro was put off for Kennedy to decide). The CIA proceeded to organize the operation with the aid of various Cuban counter-revolutionary forces, training Brigade 2506 in Guat. Kennedy authorized. Cuban forces fended them off and US govs role was apparent so Kennedy did not authorize further airsupport. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
13-day (October 16–28, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. Khrushchev agree to Cuba's request to place nuclear missiles on the island to deter a future invasion. US put up blockade, negotiations with SU follow + Soviets dismantle the ballistic missile, US agree not to invade Cuba again + dismantle misiles in Turkey -
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OPERATION CONDOR
campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents, which started in 1968 and was officially implemented in 1975 by the right-wing dictatorships of the Southern Cone: Braz Aregentina Uruguay Bolivia Paraguay Chile.least 60,000 deaths can be attributed to Condor
US was not a member of the Condor consortium, United States provided key organizational, financial and technical assistance to the operation into the 1980s -
U.S. President Jimmy Carter signed a treaty which agreed to return 60% of the Canal Zone to Panama in 1979
Fully returned in 1999