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Something for the Circus
n America's earliest days, children born with disabilities were the source of shame and guilt among families, often stashed away in institutions. As described by The Anti-Defamation League (2005)
people with disabilities were considered meager, tragic, pitiful individuals unfit and unable to contribute to society, except to serve as ridiculed objects of entertainment in circuses and exhibitions. -
Late 1800's Against the law if considered unsightly
Some cities had laws referred to as Ugly Laws: these laws deemed it illegal for "any person, who is diseased, maimed, mutilated or deformed in any way, so as to be an unsightly or disgusting object, to expose himself to public view." These laws made families ashamed of family members with disabilities and flamed the institutionilazation rise. -
American school for the Deaf
School for the deaf is founded in Hartford Connecticut. First school for children with disabilities in the US. -
Gallaudet University
The U.S. Congress authorized the Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the "Deaf and Dumb and the Blind" to give college degrees- President Abraham Lincoln signed the bill into law. Making it the first University for people with disabilities -
The first recorded arrest pertaining to ugly laws
Martin Oates was arrested in San Francisco, California in July 1867 for being unsightly! the ugly laws were being formaly inforced. -
National Association for the Deaf
The National Association of the Deaf was founded in Cincinnati, Ohio; a non-profit for Deaf rights. -
Nelly Bly's book causes action
Conditions at the Women's Lunatic Asylum on Blackwell's Island in Nellie Bly's book "Ten Days in a Mad-House" caused a sensation, which prompted a grand jury to launch its own investigation into the conditions of Asylums across the US. -
Early Special Education Programs
The first special education programs were delinquency prevention programs for “at risk” children who lived in urban slums. Children were also taught social values in these classes. Early special education programs also focused on the “moral training” of African-American children. -
Separate Schools for Special Children
Schools are established to educated special children.
Mental Retardation & physical disabilities are more relevant in society. In New York City students receive an education in special schools where they are placed in ungraded classes. They recieve training in manners and work slkills. -
Children allowed to Die
Harry Haiselden was the Chief Surgeon at the German-American Hospital in Chicago, refused to perform needed surgery for children born with birth defects and allowed them to die, in an act of eugenics, Eventually, the Chicago Medical Society threatened Haiselden with expulsion for his decision to allow children to die. -
Special Schools
Programs for children with specific learning disabilities (called “brain injury,” “minimal brain dysfunction,” and other terms) were first developed around 1940. -
ARC fights for protections of disabled students
ARC lobbies Congress to find protections for students with disabilities, As families moved out of cities and into newly built suburban communities, residents began demanding access to community amenities for themselves and their children with disabilities. The government responded by expanding social security by broadening the definition of disability. -
Special Education Administration
A focus on hygiene factors, social and emotional behaviors, career-related interests, vocational guidance, and occupational activities is the driving force of service provisions. -
Handbook for Educating Disabled Youth
Leo Conner writes the first book outlining the problems and possible solutions in the education of disabled children. -
ESSEA
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was passed as a part of United States President Lyndon B. Johnson's "War on Poverty" and has been the most far-reaching federal legislation affecting education ever passed by the United States Congress. The act was an extensive statute that funded primary and secondary education. It also emphasizes equal access to education and establishes high standards and accountability. -
Specialized services
an emphasis on Administrator abilities to provide quality education and essetial skills development for special needs students is adopted. -
Congressional Investigation
Congress launched an investigation into the status of children with disabilities and found that millions of children were not receiving an appropriate education. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
The federal government makes a commitment to all children, stating that all students must receive an appropriate education. Inclusion is discussed and the terminology "least restrictive environment" is created, Special Education Administration is highly regulated. -
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Congress enacted Public Law 94-142, also known as The Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. It focused on ensuring that children with disabilities had access to an education and due process of law. Congress included an elaborate system of legal checks and balances called “procedural safeguards” that are designed to protect the rights of children and their parents. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), which passed Congress with overwhelming bipartisan support in 2001 and was signed into law by President George W. Bush on Jan. 8, 2002, is the name for the most recent update to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. NCLB provisions apply to all students, including those whose disabilities require special education. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
Congress has amended and renamed the special education law several times since 1975. In reauthorizing the IDEA, Congress increased the focus on accountability and improved outcomes by emphasizing reading, early intervention, and research-based instruction by requiring that special education teachers be highly qualified. -
ESSA
replaced No Child Left Behind, emphasis on equality and special education accountability.