-
Brown v. Board Of Education
This case made it illegal to discriminate based on race. This ruling would make laws to help people with disabilities easier to enact.
https://educationonline.ku.edu/community/idea-timeline -
(ESEA) Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Federal Elementary and Secondary Education Act(ESEA) was an act signed by Lyndon Johnson as part of his "War On Poverty" equal-access campaign. The act authorizes state-run programs to help districts help their students academically and addresses multiple issues relating to poverty, English language learners, and those with disabilities. It was reauthorized in 2015 as the Every Student Succeeds Act(ESSA) under Obama. -
PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Association of Retarded Citizens sued over a law that denied a free education to children who were physically eight but mentally were five years old. It was also used to deny educations to those who found it hard to integrate into classrooms. The Court said that no student should be turned away based on their disability. Also, the quality of their education should be equal to that of general students.
This paved the way for the Mills Ruling in 1972. -
Congressional Investigation of 1972
Due to the PARC and the pending Mills Ruling, Congress launched a formal investigation into how many children were receiving special education services. It was found that 8 million children required special education services. Around 4 million of those students adequately had their special education needs met, 2.5 million students had substandard education, and almost 2 million weren't attending any classes. -
Mills v. Board of Education
The Supreme Court ruled that any child, regardless of disability, had a right to an education as provided by the government. This would come at no extra cost to the family as "all children are entitled to free public education and training appropriate to their learning capacities". -
Rehabilitation Act of 1973(Section 504)
Section 504 of the law establishes that students with disabilities will not be discriminated against and may be eligible for special services and accommodations. Additionally, school districts must provide a Free And Public Education (FAPE) to students who have a mental or physical impairment. -
(FERPA) Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
(FERPA) (20 U.S.C. § 1232g; 34 CFR Part 99) protects student privacy in regards to their educational records, and grants the parents permission to withhold or disclose this information. This protection is transferred to the student when they turn 18, or attend post-secondary school. Furthermore, these protections may be overridden, without consent, in cases regarding law enforcement, financial aid,or legitimate educational interests, etc. -
Public Law 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act)
President Gerald Ford signed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. This Act established that all children with disabilities,“have a right to education, and to establish a process by which State and local educational agencies may be held accountable for accountable providing educational services for all handicapped children.”(U.S.C.C.A.N. 1975 p.1427)In addition, all students were supplied with one free meal a day. All public school systems within the states must comply as well. -
Public Law 99-457
An amendment to the AHCA, it stated that individual states must "provide services to families of children born with disabilities from the time they are born". -
Handicapped Children's Protection Act
The HCPA laws were signed by Reagan in 1986. This Act granted parents more involvement in their child's IEP. Also, this act gave multiple legal assurances to parents, such as: public access to hearings, informal complaint resolution procedure, and an anti-retaliation clause to protect disabled children. This Act was the starting point for IDEA. -
(IDEA) Public Law 101-476
Mandated changes for the AHCA. Added transition services to the IEP that addressed post-secondary life (called an Individual Transition Plan), and added traumatic brain injury and autism to disability categories. In addition, the name was changed to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act(IDEA), and established the parent training and information center system on a nationwide basis. -
IDEA Re-authorization
Clinton authorized amendments to IDEA in 1997. These included overhauling the evaluation and re-evaluation processes, adding stipulations concerning standardized tests in the IEP, and access to the same curriculum. States were also allowed to expand the definition of "developmental delay" from birth until age nine. -
IDEA Amendments(No Child Left Behind)
Amendments include: Changes to eligibility procedures, IEP requirements, and procedural safeguards. Discipline procedures were streamlined and special education research was consolidated with other work by the Institute for Education Services.
In addition, if a disproportionate amount of minority students were in special education services for reasons other than disability, school districts would have to shift up to 15% of special education fund to general education funds.
educationonline.ku.edu
