Sped law (2)

Key Legislative Policies/Laws That Have Influenced Bilingual Issues

By nicholefox

  • 1906 Nationality Law

    Revised the Naturalization Act of 1870 and required immigrants to learn English in order to become naturalized citizens.

  • 1923 Meyer v. Nebraska

    In Meyer v. Nebraska, 262 U.S. 390 (1923), the Supreme Court invalidated a Nebraska law banning the teaching of foreign languages to schoolchildren, finding that the law violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause.

  • 1946 Mendez v Westminster

    The Mendez case ended as the first successful federal school desegregation decision in the United States. This decision protected only children of Mexican ancestry from public school segregation in California.

  • 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act

    Eliminated the contact labor bar and placed employment-based preferences for aliens with economic potential, skills, and education. In addition, the act created H-1, a temporary visa category for nonimmigrants with merit and ability.

  • 1954 Brown v. Board of Education

    Racial segregation of students ruled unconstitutional because this does not allow for an equal education. This ended "separate but equal" schooling for black and white students.
    Gargiulo, R. M., & Bouck, E. C. (2018). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. 6th ed.
    image retrieved July 13th, 2019 from http://slideplayer.com/slide/4490446/14/images/8/Brown+v.+Board+of+Education+(1954).jpg

  • 1954 Hernandez v Texas

    Decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

  • 1964 Civil Rights Act

    Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, and later sexual orientation and gender identity.

  • 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act

    Abolished the National Origins Formula, which had been the basis of U.S. immigration policy since the 1920s.

  • 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act

    ESEA is an extensive statute that funds primary and secondary education, emphasizing high standards and accountability. As mandated in the act, funds are authorized for professional development, instructional materials, resources to support educational programs, and the promotion of parental involvement.

  • 1968 Bilingual Education Act

    This marked the first official federal recognition of the needs of students with limited English speaking ability and provided federal grants to school districts

  • 1970 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Memorandum

    Schools must offer special language instruction if they have more than 5% minority student population

  • 1972 Mills v. Board of Edudcation of the District of Columbia

    Extending the ruling in Pennsylvania, to now include all children with disabilities. The right to an appropriate public education became a constitutional right for every student.
    Gargiulo, R. M., & Bouck, E. C. (2018). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. 6th ed.
    image retrieved July 13th, 2019 from http://slideplayer.com/slide/9730720/31/images/53/Mills+vs+Board+of+Education+(1972)+PA+Association+for+Retarded.jpg

  • 1974 Equal Education Opportunity Act

    Addressed civil rights issues in education, barring states from discriminating against students based on gender, race, color, or nationality and requiring public schools to provide for students who do not speak English.

  • 1974 Lau v. Nichols

    U.S. Supreme Court ruling requiring schools to provide special language services for English language learners, to ensure equal education opportunity.
    Gargiulo, R. M., & Bouck, E. C. (2018). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. 6th ed.
    image retrieved July 13th, 2019 from http://lauvnichols302.yolasite.com/resources/33509633.gif

  • 1974 Bilingual Education Act

    Also known as Title VII of the Elementary and Secondary Amendments of 1967, first federal legislation that recognized the needs of limited English speaking ability students. Defined bilingual educational as one that provides instruction in English and the native language.

  • 1975 The Education of all Handicapped Chidlren Act of 1975

    Federal law guaranteeing free and appropriate education for all handicapped students, and holding states accountable for providing such services as required for equal educational opportunity.
    Gargiulo, R. M., & Bouck, E. C. (2018). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. 6th ed.
    image retrieved July 13th, 2019 from https://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm

  • 1975 LAU Remedies

    Policy guidelines for the education of English language learners, mandating school districts' compliance with the civil rights requirements of Title VI (Lyons, 1992).

  • 1982 U.S. v Texas

    Offered bilingual education to Mexican students.

  • 1982 Plyer v. Dough

    Guarantees that undocumented immigrants receive a free public education.

  • 1994 Title VII reauthorization

    Restructured to provide for an increased state role and give priority to applicants seeking to develop bilingual proficiency. The Improving America’s Schools Act also modified eligibility requirements for services under Title I so that limited-English-proficient students are eligible for services under that program on the same basis as other students.

  • 2007 Winkelman v. Parma City School District

    Supreme Court ruling affirming parental right to represent their children in cases related to the IDEA act.
    Gargiulo, R. M., & Bouck, E. C. (2018). Special education in contemporary society: An introduction to exceptionality. 6th ed.
    image retrieved July 13th, 2019 from http://www.clevelandmemory.org/legallandmarks/winkelman/graphics/pd.jpg