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Formation of the United Nations
The formation of the United Nations objective was to create world peace. It was a replacement of the League of Nations which had previously failed during WWII. 50 Nations had met in San Francisco to sign a charter which established the UN. The Main goals of the UN were to:
- Band together to avoid another war
- to encourage co-operation among nations
- to defend human rights
- to improve living conditions for people around the world -
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Significant Events
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Cold War
COLD WAR:
-USA and USSR were 2 world super powers
-USA was a capitalist society
-USSR was a communist country with a dictatorship
-Both wanted to be the most powerful in the world
-USA and USSR were at an arms race (nuclear tensions)
-North Atlantic treaty organization (NATO) was formed (Democratic)
-USSR's Response was the Warsaw Pact (Communist) The Cold War began as World War II was ending. The Cold War was a war of words and ideologies rather than a shooting war. -
GATT
In 1948, Canada and two other nations signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was a specialized agenecy of the UN. The objective was to reduce taxes and tariffs. At this time, my grandfather and grandmother were 23 years old. They were looking to move out of the netherlands because of the expensive lifestyle. When the news about the GATT came around they moved to Canada to seek a more affordable place to settle. -
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) objective was to provide security across the world. When NATO was formed, 12 nations signed the treaty. One of which was netherlands which was where my grandfather was from. At the time my grandfather was a teenager but he was very outgoing and always playing ARMY with his friends. By joining NATO he was able to serve as protector which made him feel as if he was in the army. -
Korean War
Korean War:
-North Korea communist (occupied by Soviets)
-South Korea democratic
-Soviets wanted to invade South Korea, but didn't want to clash with the US who wanted free elections
-25 June 1953, Soviets attack south Korea
-US Called UN for Assistance The Korean War was a war between the Republic of Korea (South Korea), supported by the United Nations, and North Korea, supported by the Soviet Union for absolute control over Korea for democracy or communism. -
Vietnam War
-Communism vs Capitalism (US vs. Soviets and Chinese)
-Started in North and South Vietnam
-Peace terms divided Vietnam in two,Ho Chi Minh wanted to reunify the country (Communism)
-Became a full scale war by 1965
-1967 North and South vietnam merged to become the socialist republic of Vietnam The Vietnam War marked a turning point in the history of modern conventional warfare in both in the extent of guerrilla and anti-guerrilla combat involved and in the increased reliance in helicopters. -
Cuban Missle Crisis
Cuban Missle Crisis
-Guba (and castro) attacked by the US during the bay of pigs invasion in 1961
-US tried to over throw Cuban government, but failed
-Castro was worried about a second attack
-Soviets place 40 medium range nuclear missles in Cuba
-US creates a sea blockade
-On October 26 the soviets agree to move weapons in return for US promise to never attack Cuba The agreement between the US and the Soviets for moving the nuclear weapons out of Cuba saved what could have been another war. -
New Flag for Canada
At 2:30 in the morning on December 15 1964, Canada's new red maple leaf was passed as the official flag. It was a scene of emotion. The vote was 164 yes, and 78 no. in the same year that the flag was chosen, my father had also been born. My grandparents said that he was the most Canadian in the family because of the Official flag being chosen in the same year he was born. -
Autopact
In 1965 Canada and the United States signed the Canada-US Automotive Products Agreement. This allowed free trade in automobiles between Canada and the US. Canadians hoped that the agreement would encourage american companies to expand production in Canada, create more jobs, and increase Canadian car exports to the US. The Autopact also helped lower car prices in Canada and create thousands of jobs. -
The October Crisis
The October Crisis was a series of events triggered by 2 kidnappings of government officials by the FLQ. Trudeau had proclaimed the War Measures Act which was the first time it had been used for peacekeeping. This banned the civil rights of Canadians which ment no political rallies. If you were caught, police could hold you up to 21 days without a charge. Trudeau believed the War Measures Act was necessary because the FLQ were terrorists who were trying to overthrow the government. -
The Official Languages Act
The Official Languages Act, Bill 22, had proclaimed French the Official Language of the civil service in Quebec. Bill 22 limited the rights of immigrant parents in what language they're children could be educated. Only children who passed a test showing that they know english, could attend english schools. All others were required to go to french schools. Bourassa argued that french speaking quebeckers were like a tiny island surrounded by an ocean of english speaking Canadians. -
Bill 101
One of the first steps the Parti Quebecois took was to pass the language bill, known as Bill 101, in 1977. This surpassed Bourassa's language legislation, Bill 22. French restrictions increased heavily in Quebec. French was to be used in courts, government and buisness. No buisness could display a sign in a language other then french. Quebeckers had the right to speak french on the job. Bill 101 became known as the "Charter of the French Language". -
The Referendum of 1980
As the Parti Quebecois stressed the importance of gaining independence from Canada, polls went throughout the 1970s showing that only 20% of Quebeckers wanted to gain independence. By 1980 the Parti Quebecois proposed sovereinty association. Quebeckers were asked for one final vote, "oui" or non", on whether to gain independence or not. The final result was calculated:
60% Yes and 40% No -
Bibliography
- Spotlight Canada: Fourth Edition - J. Bradley Cruxton and W. Douglas Wilson
