Sanghani History of Astronomy

Aristotle

384 BCE

384-322
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who soon became the father of Western Philosophy. Aristotle's influence on retail and interest was a major change in economics throughout the Middle Ages. He had a low opinion of retail. He believed that contrary to spending money to procure things one needs in keeping the household, retail trade seeks to make a profit .

Ptolemy

100

100-168
Ptolemy was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer. He thought earth was the center of the universe. another name for Ptolemy is Claudius Ptolemaeus. He created the geocentric earth model.

Copernicus

1473

1473-1543
He was born: February 19, 1473, Toruń, Poland he died: May 24, 1543, Frombork, Poland. He was best known for Heliocentrism, Quantity theory of money, Gresham's law. He was also known best for the heliocentric universe, with all the planets were revolving around the sun.

Tycho Brahe

1546

1546-1601
Tycho Brahe was a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. He was born in the then Danish peninsula of Scania. He made some of the most accurate observations of planetary positions which would eventually prove useful to his predecessors. Danish astronomer whose work in developing astronomical instruments and in measuring and fixing the positions of stars paved the way for future discoveries.

Galileo

1564

1564-1642
He was born February 15, 1564, Pisa, Italy ,died: January 8, 1642, Arcetri, Italy. Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath. Galileo has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific method", and the "father of modern science" He was best known for kinematics, analytical dynamics, telescopes, heliocentrism.

Hans Lippershey

1570

1570-1619
He was born in 1570 in Weasel,Germany, and died in Sept. 1619 in Middleburg,Netherlands. Hans Lippershey, also known as Johann Lippershey or Lipperhey, was a German spectacle-maker. He is mostly associated with the invention of the telescope, because he was the first one who tried to get a patent for it. It is, however, "they" were uncertain if he was the first one to create a telescope.

Johannes Kepler

1571

1571-1630
Johannes Kepler was a German astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer. He a KEY figure in the 17th-century scientific revolution. He was best known for his laws of planetary motion, and his books Astronomia nova. Also Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae

Giovanni Cassini

1625

1625-1712
He was born in June 1625 in Perinaldo, Italy. He died in Sept 1712, in Paris France. Giovanni Domenico Cassini was an Italian mathematician, astronomer and engineer. Cassini was born in Perinaldo, near Imperia, at that time in the County of Nice, part of the Savoyard state. Cassini is known for his work in the fields of astronomy and engineering.

Sir Isaac Newton

1643

1643-1724
Sir Isaac Newton FRS PRS was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author who is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.

Difference between refracting and reflecting telescopes

1668

A reflector telescope uses two mirrors instead of two lenses. Isaac Newton developed this telescope to combat chromatic aberration. Light from an object enters the telescope tube and is reflected off a curved mirror at the end of the tube.

William Herschel

1739

1738-1822
Sir William Herschel was a German. He was British astronomer who is widely credited as the founder of sidereal astronomy for observing the angels bodies. He found the planet Uranus and its two moons, and formulated a theory of stars evolution.

Percival Lowell

1855

1855-1916
Percival Lawrence Lowell was an American businessman, and astronomer who fueled doubts that there were canals on Mars. He founded the Lowell Observatory in Arizona and formed the beginning of the effort that led to the discovery of Pluto 14 years after his death

Ejnar Hertzsprung

1873

1873-1967
Ejnar Hertzsprung was a Danish chemist and astronomer. In the period 1911–1913, together with Henry Norris Russell, he developed the Hertzsprung Russell diagram.

Albert Einstein

1879

1879-1955
Albert Einstein was a German theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science.

Edwin Hubble

1889

1889-1953
Edwin Powell Hubble was an American astronomer. He played a crucial role in establishing the fields of extragalactic astronomy and observational cosmology and is regarded as one of the most important astronomers of all time.

Karl Jansky

1889

1889-1953
Karl Guthe Jansky was an American physicist who in August 1931 first discovered radio waves coming from the Milky Way. He is considered one of the founding figures of radio astronomy.

Yuri Gagarin

1934

1934-1968
Yuri Gagarin  was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut. He became the first human to journey into outer space when his spacecraft completed one orbit of the Earth in April.

Sputnik

1957

1957
Sputnik was the first artificial Earth satellite. The launch of that craft, the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1, kicked off the space age the latter of which peaked when Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin stepped onto the surface of the moon in 1969.

John Glenn

1962

1962
Colonel John Glenn Jr. was a United States Marine Corps aviator. He was the first American to orbit the Earth, circling it three times in 1962. Following his retirement from NASA, he served from as a Democratic United States Senator .

The Apollo Program

1963

1963-1972
The Apollo program, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the NASA, which succeeded in landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972

Neil Armstrong

1969

1969
Neil Alden Armstrong was an American astronaut who was the first person to walk on the Moon. He was also a naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor. Armstrong became the first to land on the Moon. He said That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.

First space shuttle flight

1981

1981
The first space shuttle flight was in April 12, 1981.

Mars Pathfinder Expedition

1996

1996
Mars Pathfinder. Mars Pathfinder was launched December 4, 1996 and landed on Mars' Ares Villas in July 1997. It was designed as a demonstration of a new way to deliver a lander and the first-ever robotic rover to the surface of the red planet.

Cassini Orbiter

1997

1997
The Cassini was a collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Italian Space Agency to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.

Venus Meets Jupiter

2016

2016
Before sunrise on January 22, 2019, look eastward or in the general direction of sunrise to see the conjunction of the planets Venus and Jupiter in the dawn sky. At conjunction, these two planets shine north and south of one another on the sky’s dome, with Jupiter passing about 2.5 degrees south of Venus.