-
Period: to
Beginning of Haitian Revolution
Slaves in Saint-Domingue (Now Haiti) were fed up with their harsh conditions and began revolting against French colonial rule -
Massive slave uprising
It got real when the Revolution kicked off big time with a massive slave uprising, led by Toussaint L’Ouverture and other leaders -
France Freed the Slaves
France was like, “Okay, fine, we’ll free the slaves,” because they were dealing with their own Revolution drama at home. Toussaint was like, “Cool, cool,” and joined forces with them. -
Toussaint declaring himself Governor-General
He was about all peace and order, but France wasn’t feeling it. -
France sent Napoleon’s troops to shut Toussaint down
France said “Nah, we’re not cool with this” -
Toussaint got betrayed and captured
They sent him to die in a French prison but his peeps didn’t give up the fight. -
Haiti declared independence, becoming the first black republic in the world.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines was like, “I’m the big boss now,” and became the first ruler of independent Haiti. -
Miguel de Hidalgo
A parish priest roused the Indians and Mestizos-revolted- after early victories he lost Creole support and was executed -
The “Grito de Delores” (Cry of Dolores)
issued by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest, rallying Mexicans to revolt against Spanish colonial rule. Marks the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence -
Bolívar becomes involved in the Venezuelan independence movement
outbreak of the Venezuelan War of Independence against Spanish colonial rule. -
Mexico’s Independence Day
The first day of the uprising -
Jose Maria Morelos assumes leadership of the independence movement
idalgo's forces suffer defeat at the Battle of Calderón Bridge, leading to his capture and execution. -
Morelos convenes the Congress of Chilpancingo
Declares Mexico’s independence and adopts the “Sentiments of the Nation” document outlining principles for a future Mexican state -
Bolívar issues the "Decree of War to the Death"
declared total war against Spanish forces and harsh treatment for any captured
Spaniards -
Morelos is captured and executed by Spanish forces
The independence movement faces setbacks but continues under other leaders. -
Bolívar leads the daring and arduous "Admirable Campaign,"
crossing the Andes from
Venezuela into New Granada (present-day Colombia), defeating Spanish forces, and liberating several territories. -
Period: to
Bolivar’s Accomplishments-Gran Colombia
Existed as an
independent state until 1830 when
Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador became separate independent nations -
Period: to
Bolivar’s Failure-Gran Colombia
After uniting Venezuela, Columbia, &
Ecuador into Gran Columbia, he left
to help free the rest of Latin
America. He died a year later, with his goal of
uniting all of South America unfulfilled. -
Liberal factions within Spain's army initiate a rebellion
leading to the adoption of the liberal Spanish
Constitution of 1812. This event encourages Mexican independence supporters -
Emperor Agustin
First emperor in 1821, Conservative Creoles under Augustin Iturbide won independence -
The Plan of Iguala
leads to the signing of the Treaty of Córdoba on August 24, effectively ending the war
and recognizing Mexico's independence from Spain -
Agustín de Iturbide
a former royalist officer, joins forces with Vicente Guerrero, a revolutionary leader, to
form the Plan of Iguala, which calls for Mexican independence, unity, and equality. This alliance marks a
crucial turning point in the independence struggle -
securing Venezuela's independence.
Bolívar's forces, alongside those of his ally José de San Martín, achieve victory over
Spanish forces in the Battle of Carabobo -
Iturbide is declared emperor of Mexico
faces opposition and is later forced to abdicate -
Mexico becomes a federal republic
adopting a republican constitution -
Mexico
became a republic -
The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States is enacted
establishing the framework for the newly independent nation. -
Bolívar leads the Battle of Junín in Peru
securing a decisive victory against Spanish forces -
Bolivia, named in honor of Bolívar
established as an independent republic. -
Bolívar convenes the Congress of Panama
aiming to promote unity and cooperation
among the newly independent Latin American nations. However, the congress fails to achieve significant results.