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Alexander II
Portrait of Alexander II
Alexander II was the eldest son of Tsar Nicholas I. He was born in Moscow on April 29, 1818. He declared his Emancipation Manifesto in order to free the serfs in 1861. -
Abolishment of Serdom
Alexander II published his Emancipation Manifesto that proposed 17 legislative acts to allow the serfs in Russia become free. He announced that personal serfdom would be eradicated and all peasants would be able to buy land from their landlords. But it soon became apparently more benefitial to landlords. They were authorised to decide which part of their lands and holdings they would give up to peasants. Landlords kept the best land for themselves while the serfs got all the leftovers. -
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Alexander III
Alexander III's portrait
Alexander III suddenly came to throne when his father, Alexander II, was murdered.
He had three main beliefs:
The repression of opponents, undoing the reforms of his father and restore Russia's national identity and international position. -
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Construction of Trans-Siberian Railroad
Tans-Siberian Railroad 1Trans-Siberian Railroad 2
This Trans-Siberian Railroad is a networks of railways that connects Moscow with the Russian Far East and the Sea of Japan. It is the longest rail system in Russia with 9,198 km east to Vladivostok or 9,441 km to Nakhodka. Alexander III thought of this idea of the railroad system. In the Russo-Japanese War, the rail was one of the reasons why Russia lost. Also, during the WW2, the railroad was an essential connection between Germany and Japan to trade natural rubber. -
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Nicholas II (Part 1)
Nicholas II
Nicholas II was Alexander Alexandrovich's son, which means he was the heir of the Russian throne. Alexander III was a big influence on Nicholas II. He teached him his conservative ideas, religious values and his belief in autocratic government.
Nicholas II was born on May 18, 1868. Then he married Princess Alexandra. Time passed and they had four daughters (Olga, Tatiana... -
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Nicholas II (Part 2)
The mystery of the Romanovs...Maria and Anastasia) and finally one boy called Alexei. Alexei was diagnosed with hemophilia and his parents were desperate to find a treatment. They went to the monk Rasputin to see if he could hypnotize the boy. He did it and Alexei was cured. From that moment on, Rasputin was a huge and bad influence for the Romanovs and for Russia. -
Congress of Brussels- Mensheviks and Bolsheviks (1)
Mensheviks
(17th July-10th august of 1903). The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party divides into two factions, Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, as a result of a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Juliy Martov over the party's programme.
Mensheviks followed the classical pattern of the Western Marxism. They would colaborate with liberal democratic groups of the bourgeoisie until... -
Congress of Brussels- Mensheviks and Bolsheviks (2)
(17th July-10th august of 1903)....until they have the conditions for a socialist revolution.
Bolsheviks had several elements:
They were looking for proletariat power. The party consists of professional revolutionaries, organized by a centralized model and under a strict discipline. They defend revolution as a way of struggle and political demand. They do not work with the buorgeoisie. -
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Russo Japanase War
“Let Us Have Peace”
It began with the Japanese naval attack on Port Arthur. This attack was caused by the Russian rejection of a Japanese plan to divide Manchuria and Korea into spheres of influence. Japan was very strong and finally defeated Russia. This disastrous war was one of the immediate causes of the Russian Revolution of 1905. -
Bloody Sunday (2)
...was forced to concede to creating Duma, an elected legislature. -
Bloody Sunday (1)
Bloody Sunday
Father George Gapon led a peace march of workers in St. Petersburg. They demanded to Nicholas II to improve working conditions and establish a popular assembly. Then troops opened fire against the demonstrators, killing thousands of them. After that, russian workers went on strike. Thousands of uprisings took place after the Bloody Sunday and Nicholas II... -
The Treaty of Portsmouth
This treaty ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05. It confirmed the Japanese presence in south Manchuria and Korea and ceded the southern half of the island of Sakhalin to Japan. -
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World War I
Russian Revolution during World War I
At the beginning of WW1 Russia's attacks were very poor. Nicholas II appointed himself as commander-in-chief, to have direct control over the army. In his absence, the tsarina became more dependant from Rasputin, who influenced her political view. Nicholas II’s ministers were replaced by Alexandra’s chosen candidates influenced by Rasputin. -
Murder of Rasputin (1)
The Mad Monk
Rasputin, known as the Mad Monk, became a close friend of the Imperial Family. This is becaused he cured Alexei (Nicholas II's son) from hemophilia. With this action he rapidly won the confidence and support of Alexandra. In fact, he was an alcoholic and a sexual addict but the Romanov family did not see it. He influenced more and more Russia and the Romanovs in a bad way. ... -
Murder of Rasputin (2)
On the 29th of December, a group of conspirators, including the czar's first cousin, murdered Rasputin. As he was clairvoyant, before his death, Rasputin wrote to Nicholas II and said that if he was killed by government officials, the entire Romanov family would be killed by the Russian people. 15 months later his prophecy came true. The Romanovs were assassinated. -
March (February) revolution
The March (February) revolution begins when riots and strikes over the scarcity of food erupt in Petrograd. After the Nicholas II abdication, Russia was closer toward communist revolution. On the 8th of march, demonstrators demanding bread took to the streets in the Russian capital of Petrograd. -
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The Russian Revolution
In fact, the Russian Revolution was a series of revolutions which took place in Russia throughout 1917. It started with the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of a communist state. -
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Provisional Government-Georgy Lvov
Prince Lvov
Georgy Yevgenyevich, Prince Lvov, was a russian social reformer and statesman. He was the first head of the Russian provisional government established during the February Revolution, when Nicholas II abdicated. -
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Russian Civil War
Civil WarIt ocurred because after November 1917, many groups were against Lenin’s Bolsheviks, such as monarchists, militarists, and, for a short time, foreign nations. These were known as the "Whites" and the Bolsheviks as the "Reds". Some causes were:
1.Czech prisoners took control of the Trans-Siberian Railway, and attacked towards Moscow.
2. Foreign countries did not want communist revolutions all over the world.
3. Whites against Reds -
October Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution)
The revolution was led by the Bolsheviks. Lenin planned a coup d'etat that would bring down the Provisional Government and replace them with the Bolsheviks. On October 10th he held a meeting with twelve party leaders, and persuade them to have a revolution. -
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Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR-Lenin
Vladimir Lenin - Early LifeVladimir Lenin: Rise to Power Lenin was an architect, builder, the founder of the Russian Communist Party, leader of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, and first head of the Soviet Union. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk brought about the end of the war between Russia and Germany in 1918. The German were reminded of the harshness of Brest-Litovsk when they complained about the severity of the Treaty of Versailles signed in June 1919. -
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New Economic Policy (NEP)
Lenin announced the NEP, an economic policy that replaced War Communism that control Russia in the past. It was created in order to help Russia's economy.
The NEP permitted certain types of private economic activity in order to help the country to recover from the Cibil War. -
USSR-Soviet Union
When the Declaration of the Creation of the USSR was signed, the Soviet Union appeared. USSR is a confederation of Russia, Belorussia, Ukraine, and the Transcaucasian Federation. The Soviet union, during World War II, it was an Allied Power and helped defeat Nazi Germany.
In the USSR, all levels of government were controlled by the Communist Party. -
Trotsky into exile
Leon Trotsky, a leader of the Bolshevik revolution and early architect of the Soviet state, is deported by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to Alma-Ata. In 1898, he was arrested for his revolutionary activities and sent to prison. In 1900, he was exiled to Siberia. -
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Chairman of the Council of Ministers-Stanlin
Tom Brokaw on Joseph Stalin: Man of Steel
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was a strict dictator who ruled the Soviet Union for more than two decades.
